trióxido de arsénico: una nueva luz en el tratamiento de la leucemia promielocítica arsenic trioxide: a new light in the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia

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ID: 208334
2008
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Abstract
En los últimos 20 años, y gracias a la efectividad del ácido retinoico todo en trans (ATRA), medicamento introducido por investigadores chinos en el tratamiento de la leucemia promielocítica, esta variedad de leucemia pasó de ser la más agresiva y de peor pronóstico por su alta mortalidad, a ser en la que se logra una mayor sobrevida y posibilidad de curación; pero a pesar de las bondades de este medicamento, aproximadamente el 20 % de los pacientes pueden tener una recaída tanto hematológica como molecular en algún momento de la evolución de la enfermedad. Nuevamente investigadores chinos demostraron los beneficios del trióxido de arsénico (TOA), medicamento que por diferentes vías logra la maduración y diferenciación del promielocito leucémico y finalmente la desaparición del gen anormal PML/RARá y de su proteína híbrida. En los primeros trabajos realizados, el trióxido de arsénico se utilizó en los pacientes que tenían algún tipo de recaída o en aquellos que no respondían al ATRA y se logró alrededor del 80 % de remisiones hematológicas y moleculares en estos enfermos; posteriormente varios grupos de trabajo han reportado resultados similares. Ante estos resultados, el TOA se comenzó a utilizar como droga de primera línea con excelentes resultados.
In the last 20 years and thanks to the effectivity of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a drug introduced by Chinese researchers in the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia, this variety of leukemia that was the most aggressive and had the poorest prognosis due to its high mortality, has showed the highest survival and possibility of cure. In spite of its benefits, at about 20 % of the patients may have a relapse both hematological and molecular some time during the evolution of the disease. Once again, the Chinese researchers showed the benefits or arsenic trioxide, a drug that allows by different routes the maturation and differentiation of leukemic promyelocite and, finally, the disappearance of the abnormal PML/RAR? gene and of its hybrid protein. In the first trials, arsenic trioxide was used in patients with some type of relapse or in those who did not respond to ATRA. 80 % of hematological and molecular remissions were observed in these patients. Similar outcomes have been reported by various groups. According to its effects, it is being used as a first-line drug with excellent results.
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Authors ;Carlos Hernández Padrón;Edgardo Espinosa Martínez;Rafael Losada Buchillón;Onel Ávila Cabrera;Porfirio Hernández Ramírez
Journal zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = zhonghua xueyexue zazhi
Year 2008
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