evreii din basarabia Şi armata ŢaristĂ: studiu introductiv

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ID: 204085
2015
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Abstract

Destul de frecvent întâlnim opinia (fie empirică, fie cu caracter livresc) că evreii nu au făcut serviciul militar şi că
sunt străini acestei ocupaţii, motivele aduse pentru acest fapt fiind diverse: de la natura fricoasă a evreului până la lipsa
simţului patriotic. Izvoarele documentare aduc un alt punct de vedere la acest subiect. Deşi nu poate fi negată prezenţa
literaturii care studiază în speţă acest subiect pentru întreg Imperiul Rus, nu găsim studii care ar cuprinde minimum mi-
nimorum aceeaşi tematică dar pentru spaţiul românesc, sau măcar o parte din acest spaţiu. O atenţie deosebită se acordă
legislaţiei care a fost instituită pe parcursul secolului XIX, în vederea reglementării unui domeniu vechi al funcţionării
statului în condiţiile nou-create. Cazul specific al Basarabiei se manifestă şi în această sferă, populaţia evreiască, de
rând cu locuitorii nativi, de mai multe ori fiind exclusă din procesul general de recrutare. Motivele, cauzele şi efectele
acestei politici pe larg sunt expuse în cele ce urmează.

BESSARABIAN JEWS AND THE TSARIST ARMY: INTRODUCTORY STUDY


Within the Russian Empire the compulsory military service for the Jewish population was introduced in 1827. The
author of the military reform was Nicholas I, he did truly believe that the reform will integrate better the Jews in Russian
society; In some extent he was right. For Bessarabia, the law entered into force in 1877, with all the consequences of the
tsarist recruitment “rekrutchina”. Comparing the situation with other empires/countries the striking difference was in the
fact that in European countries Jews acquired certain rights together with the obligations of the military service. In other
words Jews entering the army in Europe became full-flagged citizens, in the Russian Empire this was not the case.
Whereas Jewish soldiers in Europe after completing the military service could enjoy the fully “emancipation”, the
Russian Jews had some privileges which contributed only to “partial social insertion” in the Russian society. Legal
framework settled for the “military initiative” as in the other fields of Jewish life, determined a dramatic change within
the Jews as culture, inner life and mentality.

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Authors ;Alexandr ROITMAN
Journal boundary value problems
Year 2015
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