ginsenoside rg3 promotes inflammation resolution through m2 macrophage polarization
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2018
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Abstract
Background: Ginsenosides have been reported to have many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects, and the resolution of inflammation is now considered to be an active process driven by M2-type macrophages. In order to determine whether ginsenosides modulate macrophage phenotypes to reduce inflammation, 11 ginsenosides were studied with respect to macrophage polarization and the resolution of inflammation.
Methods: Mouse peritoneal macrophages were polarized into M1 or M2 phenotypes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and measurement of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 levels were performed in vitro and in a zymosan-induced peritonitis C57BL/6 mouse model.
Results: Ginsenoside Rg3 was identified as a proresolving ginseng compound based on the induction of M2 macrophage polarization. Ginsenoside Rg3 not only induced the expression of arginase-1 (a representative M2 marker gene), but also suppressed M1 marker genes, such as inducible NO synthase, and NO levels. The proresolving activity of ginsenoside Rg3 was also observed in vivo in a zymosan-induced peritonitis model. Ginsenoside Rg3 accelerated the resolution process when administered at peak inflammatory response into the peritoneal cavity.
Conclusion: These results suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 induces the M2 polarization of macrophages and accelerates the resolution of inflammation. This finding opens a new avenue in ginseng pharmacology.
| Reference Key |
kang2018journalginsenoside
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;Saeromi Kang;Soo-Jin Park;Ae-Yeon Lee;Jin Huang;Hae-Young Chung;Dong-Soon Im |
| Journal | advances in high energy physics |
| Year | 2018 |
| DOI |
10.1016/j.jgr.2016.12.012
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