decreased secondary lesion growth and attenuated immune response after traumatic brain injury in tlr2/4−/− mice

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2017
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Abstract
Danger-associated molecular patterns are released by damaged cells and trigger neuroinflammation through activation of non-specific pattern recognition receptors, e.g., toll-like receptors (TLRs). Since the role of TLR2 and 4 after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still unclear, we examined the outcome and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators after experimental TBI in Tlr2/4−/− and wild-type (WT) mice. Tlr2/4−/− and WT mice were subjected to controlled cortical injury and contusion volume and brain edema formation were assessed 24 h thereafter. Expression of inflammatory markers in brain tissue was measured by quantitative PCR 15 min, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI). Contusion volume was significantly attenuated in Tlr2/4−/− mice (29.7 ± 0.7 mm3 as compared to 33.5 ± 0.8 mm3 in WT; p < 0.05) after CCI while brain edema was not affected. Only interleukin (IL)-1β gene expression was increased after CCI in the Tlr2/4−/− relative to WT mice. Inducible nitric oxide synthetase, TNF, IL-6, and COX-2 were similar in injured WT and Tlr2/4−/− mice, while the increase in high-mobility group box 1 was attenuated at 6 h. TLR2 and 4 are consequently shown to potentially promote secondary brain injury after experimental CCI via neuroinflammation and may therefore represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of TBI.
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Authors Sandro M. Krieg, Florian Voigt, Pascal Knuefermann, Carsten Jürgen Kirschning, Nikolaus Plesnila, Florian Ringel
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Journal journal of photochemistry and photobiology a: chemistry
Year 2017
DOI
10.3389/fneur.2017.00455
URL
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2017.00455/full
Keywords
intracranial pressure toll-like receptors diseases of the nervous system traumatic brain injuryneurology

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