validación de un programa de vigilancia de infecciones nosocomiales validation of a nosocomial infections surveillance program

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ID: 200056
1999
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Abstract
OBJETIVO. Validar el programa de vigilancia de infecciones nosocomiales y conocer la morbilidad y la mortalidad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Un médico especialmente capacitado, realizó vigilancia intensiva de todos los pacientes admitidos en el hospital. Los casos de infección fueron discutidos con otros dos médicos y el resultado se comparó con la vigilancia rutinaria. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes hospitalizados del 11 de julio al 12 de agosto de 1995, que no tenían un proceso infeccioso activo o que no manifestaban un periodo de incubación a su ingreso. Se siguieron diariamente y se registraron datos de: edad, sexo y padecimiento de ingreso. Se recabó información sobre tratamiento antimicrobiano, microrganismo aislado y susceptibilidad. Se evaluó el estado clínico final y se estimó el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. RESULTADOS. De 429 pacientes, 45 desarrollaron infección nosocomial (casos) y 384 no lo hicieron (controles). La incidencia de infecciones nosocomiales fue de 10.48/100. La sensibilidad y la especificidad del programa fueron de 93.3 y 98.7%, respectivamente. La mortalidad en los infectados fue de 11.11%, y en el grupo de los no infectados, de 2.4%. El promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 20 y 11 días, para infectados y no infectados, respectivamente (p< 0.01). Las infecciones más frecuentes fueron: infección de vías urinarias (IVU) (42%), bacteriemia secundaria (14.8%), neumonía (11.11%) y absceso abdominal (9.25%). Los pacientes con McCabe-Jackson rápidamente mortal tuvieron una mayor frecuencia de infecciones nosocomiales. Los agentes etiológicos más frecuentes fueron Escherichia coli (28%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.11%) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.6%). La resistencia in vitro varió según el agente causal y, en promedio, fue de 43%. CONCLUSIONES. La sensibilidad y la especificidad del programa fueron excelentes. Las infecciones nosocomiales producen mayor mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria comparadas con aquellos pacientes no infectados. La validación del sistema permite establecer, de manera confiable, conclusiones sobre factores de riesgo y otras características de las infecciones hospitalarias.
OBJECTIVES. To validate the nosocomial infections surveillance system, establish its impact in morbi-mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Surveillance of every single patient admited during a one month period was done by one of us (DMG). Each posibile case was discussed with two other hospital epidemiologists (SPLR, MSRF). This intensive surveillance was compared against the routinely surveillance performed by the nurses. We included all hospitalized patients between 11th July and 12th of August according to CDC (Atlanta, GA) nosocomial infections definitions. Patients were followed everyday and information about age, gender, underlying diagnosis, microorganisms responsible for nosocomial infections, hospital length of stay and mortality. RESULTS. During the study period 429 were admitted, 45 developed a nosocomial infection (cases) and 384 did not (controls). The incidence of nosocomial infections was 10.48 cases/100 discharges. The sensitivity and specificity of the surveillance system was 95.3 and 98.7%, respectively. Mortality in infected was 11.11% and in non infected was 2.4%. The average length of stay was 20 and 11days for cases and non infected respectively (p< 0.01). Urinary tract infections were the most common NI (42%), secondary bacteremia (14­%), pneumonia (11.11%) and deep surgical site infection (9.25%). The surgical wound infection rates were: 1.3%, 1.9% and 1.9% for clean, clean-contaminated and contaminated wounds. Patients with rapidly fatal diseases had an increased frequency of infections. The microorganisms most commonly isolated were Escherichia coli (28%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.6%). The level of antibiotic resistance was in average of 43% for those antibiotics tested. CONCLUSIONS. The sensitivity and specificity of the surveillance system was excelent. Patients with nosocomial infections had an increased length of stay and a higher mortality compared to those without NI. The validation of the surveillance system allows the production of trustable conclusions about nosocomial infections.
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Authors ;M. Sigfrido Rangel-Frausto;Daniel Morales-García;Rosa Báez-Martínez;Juana Ibarra-Blancas;Samuel Ponce de León-Rosales
Journal journal of anatomy
Year 1999
DOI
DOI not found
URL
http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-36341999000700011
Keywords
infection control mexico cross infection mexicopublic aspects of medicine

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