temporal evolution of crack propagation propensity in snow in relation to slab and weak layer properties
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2016
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Abstract
If a weak snow layer below a cohesive slab is present in the snow cover,
unstable snow conditions can prevail for days or even weeks. We monitored the
temporal evolution of a weak layer of faceted crystals as well as the
overlaying slab layers at the location of an automatic weather station in the
Steintälli field site above Davos (Eastern Swiss Alps). We focussed on
the crack propagation propensity and performed propagation saw tests (PSTs)
on 7 sampling days during a 2-month period from early January to early
March 2015. Based on video images taken during the tests we determined the
mechanical properties of the slab and the weak layer and compared them to the
results derived from concurrently performed measurements of penetration
resistance using the snow micro-penetrometer (SMP). The critical cut length,
observed in PSTs, increased overall during the measurement period. The
increase was not steady and the lowest values of critical cut length were
observed around the middle of the measurement period. The relevant mechanical
properties, the slab effective elastic modulus and the weak layer specific
fracture, overall increased as well. However, the changes with time differed,
suggesting that the critical cut length cannot be assessed by simply
monitoring a single mechanical property such as slab load, slab modulus or
weak layer specific fracture energy. Instead, crack propagation propensity is
the result of a complex interplay between the mechanical properties of the
slab and the weak layer. We then compared our field observations to newly
developed metrics of snow instability related to either failure initiation or
crack propagation propensity. The metrics were either derived from the SMP
signal or calculated from simulated snow stratigraphy (SNOWPACK). They
partially reproduced the observed temporal evolution of critical cut length
and instability test scores. Whereas our unique dataset of quantitative
measures of snow instability provides new insights into the complex slab-weak
layer interaction, it also showed some deficiencies of the modelled metrics
of instability – calling for an improved representation of the mechanical properties.
| Reference Key |
schweizer2016thetemporal
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;J. Schweizer;B. Reuter;A. van Herwijnen;B. Richter;J. Gaume |
| Journal | journal of applied polymer science |
| Year | 2016 |
| DOI |
10.5194/tc-10-2637-2016
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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