ocorrência endofítica de lasiodiplodia theobromae em tecidos de cajueiro e sua transmissão por propágulos
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2009
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Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae, agente causal da resinose e da podridão-preta-da-haste é o principal patógeno do cajueiro no semi-árido nordestino. Esse patógeno é reconhecido em outros hospedeiros pela capacidade de colonizar tecidos vegetais sem aparente sintoma. Essa característica é de grande importância epidemiológica, prognosticando medidas de exclusão no manejo da doença. A ocorrência epidêmica da resinose em áreas isoladas reforça a hipótese dos propágulos assintomáticos do hospedeiro servirem como fonte de inoculo primário. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a capacidade de L. theobromae de sobreviver em tecidos de cajueiro sem apresentar sintomas e estimar a transmissão deste patógeno via propágulos. A presença do fungo a diferentes distâncias do cancro e nas duas direções em relação ao mesmo (descendente e ascendente) foi determinada pelo plaqueamento de tecidos de troncos infectados. Na outra parte do trabalho, foram coletados em pomares comerciais sementes de plantas sem sintomas e com sintomas severos de resinose. Estas foram semeadas separadamente e as plântulas obtidas foram enxertadas com garfos provenientes de ramos de plantas sadias e ramos de plantas severamente infectadas, perfazendo-se todas as combinações de origem da semente e garfos. As mudas produzidas conforme os quatro tratamentos foram plantadas sob condições favoráveis à doença. L. theobromae foi isolado até 80 cm, tanto na direção ascendente como na descendente em relação do cancro. A interação garfo de planta doente e semente de planta doente apresentou maior incidência da resinose do que a interação garfo de planta sadia e semente de planta doente, mostrando que o garfo também contribui no aumento da incidência.. A interpretação desses resultados evidencia o caráter endofítico de L. theobromae e o propágulo infectado como veículo de introdução da doença no pomar.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae, agent of gummosis and black branch dieback of cashew, is the most important disease of cashew crop in semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. This pathogen is a well known fungus in many host plants as capable of colonizing their tissues without showing disease symptoms. This feature ensures great epidemiologic importance as considering tactics for disease avoidance. The occurrence of cashew gummosis in geographically isolated areas reinforces the seed and scion borne pathogen hypothesis. The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of L. theobromae to survive in cashew tissues without showing symptoms and to evaluate plant propagating materials (seed and scion) as source of primary inoculum. The presence of the fungus at different distances from the canker throughout the stem in both ascendant and descendent direction was determined by plating infected tissue samples. In another study, transplanting materials were produced by using rootstocks from seeds sampled either from healthy and gummosis-infected plants and grafted with scions also from healthy and gummosis-infected plants, making a four set of treatments. These plants were transplanted into a commercial cashew farm located in Pio IX, County, Piauí State, highly conducive for disease outbreak. L. theobromae was isolated from up to 80 cm distance from canker in both directions. Greater gummosis incidence was observed in plots initiated by rootstock and scion originated from diseased plants. These findings showed the endophytic behavior of L. theobromae in cashew tissues and the importance of rootstock seed as a source of primary inoculum.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae, agent of gummosis and black branch dieback of cashew, is the most important disease of cashew crop in semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. This pathogen is a well known fungus in many host plants as capable of colonizing their tissues without showing disease symptoms. This feature ensures great epidemiologic importance as considering tactics for disease avoidance. The occurrence of cashew gummosis in geographically isolated areas reinforces the seed and scion borne pathogen hypothesis. The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of L. theobromae to survive in cashew tissues without showing symptoms and to evaluate plant propagating materials (seed and scion) as source of primary inoculum. The presence of the fungus at different distances from the canker throughout the stem in both ascendant and descendent direction was determined by plating infected tissue samples. In another study, transplanting materials were produced by using rootstocks from seeds sampled either from healthy and gummosis-infected plants and grafted with scions also from healthy and gummosis-infected plants, making a four set of treatments. These plants were transplanted into a commercial cashew farm located in Pio IX, County, Piauí State, highly conducive for disease outbreak. L. theobromae was isolated from up to 80 cm distance from canker in both directions. Greater gummosis incidence was observed in plots initiated by rootstock and scion originated from diseased plants. These findings showed the endophytic behavior of L. theobromae in cashew tissues and the importance of rootstock seed as a source of primary inoculum.
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| Reference Key |
cardoso2009summaocorrncia
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| Authors | ;José Emilson Cardoso;Marlos Alves Bezerra;Francisco Marto Pinto Viana;Tomil Ricardo Maia de Sousa;Alex Queiroz Cysne;Fabio Costa Farias |
| Journal | research on chemical intermediates |
| Year | 2009 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-54052009000400002
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