transformação genética e aplicação de glifosato na microbiota do solo, fixação biológica de nitrogênio, qualidade e segurança de grãos de soja geneticamente modificada genetic transformation and the use glyphosate on soil microbial, biological nitrogen fixation, quality and safety of genetically modified soybean
Clicks: 331
ID: 196815
2010
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Abstract
A soja geneticamente modificada resistente ao herbicida glifosato (GM RR) é o principal produto da biotecnologia vegetal, considerando-se a evolução da área cultivada e o consumo desse grão. Os Estados Unidos, a Argentina e o Brasil são os maiores produtores de soja GM RR. A liberação para cultivo da soja GM RR no Brasil foi efetivada com base, quase que exclusivamente, em trabalhos realizados em outros países, sem a devida validação nas condições edafoclimáticas locais. Nesse contexto, buscou-se coletar e analisar os principais trabalhos que versam sobre impacto ambiental, metabolismo da planta, qualidade e segurança da soja GM RR tratada e não tratada com glifosato. De modo geral, os trabalhos analisados apresentam algumas características comuns: a) avaliam poucas variáveis; e b) inferem, a partir de simulação com ensaios em casa de vegetação ou in vitro, possíveis respostas no cultivo comercial. Embora ainda escassos, os estudos realizados apontam para o fato de que a transformação genética não afeta os microrganismos do solo, nem a fixação biológica de nitrogênio, nem a composição dos grãos. O fator que pode afetar essas variáveis é a aplicação do glifosato no controle de plantas daninhas, ou seja, os riscos de perigo ao ambiente e à segurança dos produtos derivados dessa matéria-prima se devem ao insumo aplicado durante o cultivo, e não à transformação genética propriamente dita.
The genetically modified soybean resistant to glyphosate (GM RR) is the main product of plant biotechnology, considering the evolution of the area cultivated and the use of this grain. EUA, Argentina and Brazil are the largest producers of GM RR. The release of GM RR soybean cultivation in Brazil was done based on researches that were accomplished in other countries without the validation of the same edaphoclimatic conditions. In this context, the main researches about environmental impact, plant metabolism, quality and safety of GM RR soybean with or without glyphosate application were collected and investigated. In general, the researches investigated showed some similar characteristics: a) few variables were studied; b) simulations in green house or in vitro are used to infer possible response on the field. Although scarce, the researches denoted that the genetic transformation did not affect soil microorganisms, biological nitrogen fixation and composition of grains. The factor which could affect these variables is the glyphosate application in weed control, thus the risk of damage to the environment and the safety of products derived from this raw materialare due to the use of the herbicide during cultivation, and not to the genetic transformation. Key words: Transgenic soybean, soil microorganisms, herbicides residue, isoflavones.
The genetically modified soybean resistant to glyphosate (GM RR) is the main product of plant biotechnology, considering the evolution of the area cultivated and the use of this grain. EUA, Argentina and Brazil are the largest producers of GM RR. The release of GM RR soybean cultivation in Brazil was done based on researches that were accomplished in other countries without the validation of the same edaphoclimatic conditions. In this context, the main researches about environmental impact, plant metabolism, quality and safety of GM RR soybean with or without glyphosate application were collected and investigated. In general, the researches investigated showed some similar characteristics: a) few variables were studied; b) simulations in green house or in vitro are used to infer possible response on the field. Although scarce, the researches denoted that the genetic transformation did not affect soil microorganisms, biological nitrogen fixation and composition of grains. The factor which could affect these variables is the glyphosate application in weed control, thus the risk of damage to the environment and the safety of products derived from this raw materialare due to the use of the herbicide during cultivation, and not to the genetic transformation. Key words: Transgenic soybean, soil microorganisms, herbicides residue, isoflavones.
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bhm2010cinciatransformao
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| Authors | ;Giani Mariza Bärwald Böhm;Cesar Valmor Rombaldi |
| Journal | Trials |
| Year | 2010 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0103-84782010000100037
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| URL | |
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