disturbed amino acid metabolism in hiv: association with neuropsychiatric symptoms
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ID: 192988
2015
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Abstract
Blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine, as well as of the tryptophan breakdown product kynurenine, are found to be elevated in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. Both essential amino acids, tryptophan and phenylalanine are important precursor molecules for neurotransmitter biosynthesis. Thus, dysregulated amino acid metabolism may be related to disease-associated neuropsychiatric symptoms such as development of depression, fatigue, and cognitive impairment.Increased phenylalanine/tyrosine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios are associated with immune activation in patients with HIV-1 infection and decrease upon effective antiretroviral therapy. Recent large-scale metabolic studies have confirmed the crucial involvement of tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolism in HIV-associated disease. Herein, we summarize the current status of the role of tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolism in HIV disease and discuss how inflammatory stress-associated dysregulation of amino acid metabolism may be part of the pathophysiology of common HIV-associated neuropsychiatric conditions.
| Reference Key |
gostner2015frontiersdisturbed
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;Johanna M Gostner;Kathrin eBecker;Katharina eKurz;Dietmar eFuchs |
| Journal | journal of experimental psychology general |
| Year | 2015 |
| DOI |
10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00097
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