representações sociais e decisões das gestantes sobre a parturição: protagonismo das mulheres pregnant women's social representations and decisions about delivery: women's protagonism

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ID: 192579
2011
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Abstract
O objetivo central deste estudo foi compreender, a partir das representações sociais femininas, o protagonismo da mulher na decisão sobre a parturição. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem fenomenológica, foram entrevistadas 45 gestantes, no último trimestre da gravidez, que realizavam pré-natal nos sistemas público e privado de saúde de Joinville, Santa Catarina. A análise de conteúdo dos relatos possibilitou emergirem três categorias empíricas: medos e preocupações; vivências e influência sociocultural. Com esse substrato teórico-metodológico, analisou-se a representação social da mulher no processo da parturição, que é simbolizado por conflitos de sentimentos, dúvidas e apreensões originadas principalmente pelo medo do sofrimento imposto pela dor. Tal concepção é apoiada pelo modelo biomédico e pela mídia. A parturição no Brasil, como que "terceirizada", é culturalmente entendida como uma etapa complexa que requer conhecimentos especializados, que legitima o saber técnico-científico em detrimento do fisiológico, reforçando assim a assimetria do poder de decisão entre médico e gestante. Além disso, o desconhecimento das mulheres grávidas sobre o significado, o impacto e os benefícios da etapa da parturição para o recém-nascido deixa-as inseguras e sem o devido senso crítico sobre o conteúdo de outras fontes de informações, como telenovelas, histórias de outras mulheres construídas pelo meio social e a própria experiência em partos anteriores. Isso gera um comportamento de dúvidas e apreensões. Fragilizada, submete-se a uma cesárea programada para evitar a dor física e emocional provocada pelos medos. A reversão desse quadro perpassa por uma revisão na formação do médico e pelas ações de empoderamento da mulher.
The main objective of this study was to understand, based on female social representations, women's protagonism concerning the decision about child delivery. Through a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, forty-five pregnant women were interviewed in the last quarter of pregnancy. They were receiving prenatal care at the public and private health systems of the city of Joinville, state of Santa Catarina (Southern Brazil). The analysis of the content of the narratives revealed three empirical categories: fears and worries; experiences; and sociocultural influence. With this theoretical and methodological substratum, it was possible to analyze the women's social representation during the process of delivery, which is symbolized by conflicts of feelings, doubts and apprehension derived mainly from fear of the suffering imposed by pain. Such conception is supported by the biomedical model and by the media. In Brazil, delivery, which is almost "outsourced", is culturally understood as a complex stage that requires specialized knowledge. This legitimizes the technical-scientific knowledge to the detriment of physiological knowledge, reinforcing the asymmetry of the power of decision between doctor and pregnant woman. Besides, the pregnant women's lack of knowledge about the meaning, the impact and the benefits of the delivery stage for the newborn baby makes them insecure and without critical sense about the content of other information sources, such as soap operas, other pregnant women's stories built by the social environment, and their own experience in previous deliveries. This generates a behavior marked by doubts and apprehension. Fragile, these women submit themselves to a programmed cesarean section to avoid physical and emotional pain caused by fear. Reversing this situation involves a review of the doctor's education and actions of women's empowerment.
Reference Key
pereira2011saderepresentaes Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;Raquel da Rocha Pereira;Selma Cristina Franco;Nelma Baldin
Journal carbon letters
Year 2011
DOI
10.1590/S0104-12902011000300005
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-12902011000300005
Keywords
Pregnant women cesarean section parturition personal autonomy tomada de decisões autonomia pessoal

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