técnicas de avaliação da resistência de ameixeira à xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni screening techniques for bacterial spot (xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni) resistance in japanese-type plum cultivars

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ID: 188689
2005
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Abstract
A bacteriose da ameixeira e de outras frutíferas de caroço, causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Smith), é uma doença grave em climas quentes e úmidos. O controle químico é oneroso, de baixa eficiência e danoso ao meio ambiente. Por outro lado, em áreas de ocorrência da doença, o uso de cultivares resistentes é muito importante, dentro de um programa de manejo, para reduzir os riscos de perdas. Porém, a seleção de genótipos resistentes tem sido dificultada pela ausência de métodos rápidos e eficientes de avaliar a doença nas plantas, especialmente nas folhas e ramos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar diferentes técnicas de avaliação da intensidade da bacteriose em folhas e ramos de ameixeira e classificar as cultivares Amarelinha, XV de Novembro e Irati quanto ao grau de resistência à X. arboricola pv. pruni. Das técnicas de avaliação utilizadas, a severidade da doença nas folhas foi mais eficiente que o número médio de lesões por folha. Para os ramos, as técnicas que consideram o número de cancros por metro linear e o número médio de cancros dos 10 cm da base dos ramos eficientes. Porém, esta última tem a vantagem de ser mais rápida e facilmente empregada. Das cultivares avaliadas, 'Irati' apresentou maior resistência.
Bacterial spot of Japanese-type plum and others stone seed fruits, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, is a serious disease in warm and humid environments. Chemical control is costly and often ineffective. Therefore, in areas where bacterial spot is a problem, the use of resistant cultivars is an important part of a management program for reducing the risk of loss from this disease. However, the selection of resistant genotypes is difficult because there are no rapid and reliable methods to evaluate the severity of disease on leaves and twigs. The aim of this work was to test screening techniques to identify resistant genotypes under field conditions and to classify three Japanese plum varieties according to their reaction to bacterial spot. Among the screening techniques compared, leaf severity was more reliable than the mean number of leaf spots. The number of twig cankers per meter and the mean of cankers in the first 10 cm from the twig base were both reliable, but the last technique is faster and easier to apply. 'Irati' exhibited the highest level of resistance, among the other cultivars.
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Authors ;Idemir Citadin;Marcelo Henrique Bassani;Idalmir dos Santos;Sérgio Miguel Mazaro;Maria do Carmo Bassols Raseira;Moeses Andrigo Danner
Journal technocom
Year 2005
DOI
10.1590/S0100-29452005000300013
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-29452005000300013
Keywords
disease resistance

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