size distribution and coating thickness of black carbon from the canadian oil sands operations
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2018
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Abstract
Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in the Earth's climate system.
However, parameterizations of BC size and mixing state have not been well
addressed in aerosol–climate models, introducing substantial uncertainties
into the estimation of radiative forcing by BC. In this study, we focused on
BC emissions from the oil sands (OS) surface mining activities in northern
Alberta, based on an aircraft campaign conducted over the Athabasca OS region
in 2013. A total of 14 flights were made over the OS source area, in which
the aircraft was typically flown in a four- or five-sided polygon
pattern along flight tracks encircling an OS facility. Another 3 flights were
performed downwind of the OS source area, each of which involved at least
three intercepting locations where the well-mixed OS plume was measured along
flight tracks perpendicular to the wind direction. Comparable size
distributions were observed for refractory black carbon (rBC) over and
downwind of the OS facilities, with rBC mass median diameters (MMDs) between ∼ 135 and 145 nm that were characteristic of fresh urban emissions.
This MMD range corresponded to rBC number median diameters (NMDs) of ∼ 60–70 nm, approximately 100 % higher than the NMD settings in
some aerosol–climate models. The typical in- and out-of-plume segments of a
flight, which had different rBC concentrations and photochemical ages, showed
consistent rBC size distributions in terms of MMD, NMD and the corresponding
distribution widths. Moreover, rBC size distributions remained unchanged at
different downwind distances from the source area, suggesting that
atmospheric aging would not necessarily change rBC size distribution.
However, aging indeed influenced rBC mixing state. Coating thickness for rBC
cores in the diameter range of 130–160 nm was nearly doubled (from
∼ 20 to 40 nm) within 3 h when the OS plume was transported over a
distance of 90 km from the source area.
| Reference Key |
cheng2018atmosphericsize
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;Y. Cheng;S.-M. Li;M. Gordon;P. Liu |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2018 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-18-2653-2018
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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