Confocal Raman spectroscopy: evaluation of a non-invasive technique for the detection of topically applied ketorolac tromethamine in vitro and in vivo.

Clicks: 259
ID: 18328
2019
Article Quality & Performance Metrics
Overall Quality
Not rated
Combines reader engagement with the AI quality analysis. This article has not been analysed, so there is no overall score — reader engagement is measured and shown alongside.
AI Quality Assessment
Not analyzed
Readership in this journal
Emerging

Ranked #115 of 245 articles by views in International journal of pharmaceutics

Most read Least read

Bar heights use a square-root scale. Only the 120 most-read articles are drawn; the journal has 245 in total.

Mint this article as an NFT
Not yet minted

Create a permanent, verifiable on-chain record of this article on the Scimatic Network. The NFT is held in your Journament account, and you can withdraw it to your own wallet at any time.

5 SUSD one-off · no wallet required
Sign in to mint
Abstract
Current information about the pharmacokinetics of an ocular drug can only be achieved by invasive sampling. However, confocal Raman spectroscopy bears the potential to quantify drug concentrations non-invasively. In this project, we evaluated the detection and quantification of ocular ketorolac tromethamine levels with confocal Raman spectroscopy after topical administration. Confocal Raman spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were compared in terms of sensitivity of detection. Enucleated pig eyes were treated with different concentrations of ketorolac. Hereafter, ketorolac concentrations in the aqueous humor of pig eyes were analyzed by confocal Raman spectroscopy and HPLC. Subsequently, twelve rabbits were treated with Acular™ for four weeks. At several time points, ketorolac concentrations in aqueous humor of the rabbits were measured by confocal Raman spectroscopy followed by drawing an aqueous humor sample for HPLC analysis. In ketorolac treated pig eyes, both ex vivo Raman spectroscopy as well as HPLC were able to detect ketorolac in a broad concentration range. However, in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy in rabbits was unable to detect ketorolac in contrast to HPLC. To conclude, confocal Raman spectroscopy has the capacity to detect ketorolac tromethamine in vitro, but currently lacks sensitivity for in vivo detection.
Reference Key
bertens2019confocalinternational Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Bertens, Christian J F;Zhang, Shuo;Erckens, Roel J;van den Biggelaar, Frank J H M;Berendschot, Tos T J M;Webers, Carroll A B;Nuijts, Rudy M M A;Gijs, Marlies;
Journal International journal of pharmaceutics
Year 2019
DOI
S0378-5173(19)30686-6
URL
Keywords Keywords not found

Citations

No citations found. To add a citation, contact the admin at info@scimatic.org

Comments

No comments yet. Be the first to comment on this article.