produção e qualidade do óleo essencial de menta em hidroponia com doses de potássio production and quality of essential oil of mint under hydroponics with four potassium levels

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ID: 182739
2007
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Abstract
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção de fitomassa de folhas, o teor e a qualidade do óleo essencial de Mentha x gracilis Sole, cultivada em quatro doses de potássio nas soluções hidropônicas (276, 414, 552 e 690mg L-1), no sistema "NFT" (Técnica do Fluxo Laminar de Nutrientes). Empregou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Estacas de plantas matrizes foram enraizadas em espuma fenólica, por 20 dias, em berçário, e, após isso, foram transferidas para bancadas de produção final. A colheita ocorreu aos 49 dias após o transplante. As folhas foram retiradas e pesadas para determinação da fitomassa fresca e aproveitadas para extração do óleo em aparelho de Clevenger. As análises de constituição química do óleo foram realizadas em Cromatógrafo Gasoso acoplado a Espectrômetro de Massa. As concentrações de K alteraram a produção de fitomassa fresca de folhas, o teor e a qualidade do óleo essencial. A dose máxima de K proporcionou aumento no teor do óleo essencial, porém reduziu a acumulação de fitomassa de folhas, diminuindo o rendimento do óleo por planta e a quantidade de linalol, o principal constituinte desse quimiotipo. A concentração de K sugerida para obtenção de maior rendimento da M. x gracilis, em cultivo hidropônico, não deve ultrapassar 276mg L-1 na solução nutritiva.
This research was aimed at evaluating the production of leaves' phytomass, the content and quality of Mentha x gracilis Sole essential oil with four potassium (K) levels (276, 414, 552 e 690mg L-1) under hydroponics, on "NFT" system (Nutrient Film Technique). A completely randomized design was used with five replications. Stakes of matrix plants were rooted in phenolic foam for 20 days in a nursery, being then transferred to final production benches. Harvesting occurred at 49 days after transplanting. Leaves were separeted and weighted to determine fresch phytomass, and utilized for oil extraction in a Clevenger apparatus. The analyses of oil chemical constitution were performed in Gas Chromatography connected to a Mass Spectrometer. The K concentrations affected leaves fresh phytomass, content and quality of the essential oil. The K level maximum showed increase of essential oil yield, but decreased the fresch phytomass accumulation, decreasing the oil yield by plant and linalool quantity, the main constituent of this chemotype. The K concentration suggested for the greatest yield of M. x gracilis, under hydroponics, doesn't surpass 276mg L-1 in nutritive solution.
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Authors Tânea Maria Bisognin Garlet, Osmar Souza dos Santos, Sandro Luis Peter Medeiros, Paulo Augusto Manfron, Danton Camacho Garcia, Elis Borcioni, Vinicius Fleig
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Journal Trials
Year 2007
DOI
10.1590/S0103-84782007000400006
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782007000400006
Keywords
Lamiaceae

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