epidemiología de las infecciones nosocomiales en un hospital de segundo nivel
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ID: 180368
1997
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Abstract
Objetivo. Conocer la incidencia, tasas específicas, áreas de mayor riesgo y los agentes causales de infecciones nosocomiales en el Hospital General de Durango, México, de la Secretaría de Salud. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de vigilancia de infecciones nosocomiales, a lo largo de un año, que incluyó a todos los pacientes egresados durante ese periodo. Resultados. Se encontró una tasa cruda de nueve infecciones por 100 egresos, las tasas específicas más altas correspondieron a la unidad de terapia intensiva pediátrica y neonatología y las más bajas a cirugía, pediatría y ginecobstetricia. Las infecciones de vías urinarias, neumonía y de heridas quirúrgicas fueron las más frecuentes en los servicios de adultos, mientras que las bacteremias mostraron una alta incidencia en las áreas pediátricas en donde se observó un brote epidémico donde predominó el germen Serratia marscecens. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron un sólo proceso infeccioso y E. coli, Klebsiella y Enterobacter spp. fueron los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados. Conclusiones. La tasa de infecciones nosocomiales observada en este estudio es más alta que la informada en instituciones similares en México, y las áreas más afectadas fueron las de atención a pacientes en estado crítico y las de atención a recién nacidos, predominando la infección de vías urinarias, neumonía y de heridas quirúrgicas y como agentes causales los bacilos entéricos gram negativos. Los hallazgos anteriores sugieren pautas para el diseño e instrumentación de un programa de control de infecciones nosocomiales, ajustado a las características de este tipo de instituciones.
Objective. To determine the incidence, specific rates, areas of greatest risk and causal agents of nosocomial infections at the Hospital General de Durango, of the Secretaria de Salud, Mexico. Material and methods. Prospective study of nosocomial infection vigilance during one year including all patients discharged during this period. Results. An overall rate of 9 infections per 100 discharged patients was found, the higher specific rates were in the areas of intensive pediatric care and births and the lowest were in the surgery, pediatric and gynecology and obstetrics departments. Infections were most frequent in urinary tract and surgical wounds as well as pneumonia among adults; among children, the most frequent were bacteremias and an epidemic outbreak with predominating Serratia marscecens was observed. Most patients presented one only infectious process and E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter sp. were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. Conclusions. The nosocomial infection rate observed in this study is higher than the average in Mexico for similar institutions. The most affected areas were those of critical patients and new births with urinary tract and surgical wound infections, and pneumonia, and the most frequent causal agents were enteric Gram-negative bacilli. These findings suggest guide lines for the design of a nosocomial infection control program, adjusted to the particular features of each institution.
Objective. To determine the incidence, specific rates, areas of greatest risk and causal agents of nosocomial infections at the Hospital General de Durango, of the Secretaria de Salud, Mexico. Material and methods. Prospective study of nosocomial infection vigilance during one year including all patients discharged during this period. Results. An overall rate of 9 infections per 100 discharged patients was found, the higher specific rates were in the areas of intensive pediatric care and births and the lowest were in the surgery, pediatric and gynecology and obstetrics departments. Infections were most frequent in urinary tract and surgical wounds as well as pneumonia among adults; among children, the most frequent were bacteremias and an epidemic outbreak with predominating Serratia marscecens was observed. Most patients presented one only infectious process and E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter sp. were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. Conclusions. The nosocomial infection rate observed in this study is higher than the average in Mexico for similar institutions. The most affected areas were those of critical patients and new births with urinary tract and surgical wound infections, and pneumonia, and the most frequent causal agents were enteric Gram-negative bacilli. These findings suggest guide lines for the design of a nosocomial infection control program, adjusted to the particular features of each institution.
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tinoco1997saludepidemiologa
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| Authors | ;JUAN CARLOS TINOCO;MARÍA CRUZ PÉREZ-PRADO;GUADALUPE SANTILLÁN-MARTINEZ;LORENA SALCIDO-GUTIÉRREZ;JAIME SALVADOR-MOYSEN |
| Journal | journal of anatomy |
| Year | 1997 |
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