annual variability and regulation of methane and sulfate fluxes in baltic sea estuarine sediments
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2017
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Abstract
Marine methane emissions originate largely from near-shore coastal
systems, but emission estimates are often not based on temporally
well-resolved data or sufficient understanding of the variability of methane
consumption and production processes in the underlying sediment. The
objectives of our investigation were to explore the effects of seasonal
temperature, changes in benthic oxygen concentration, and historical
eutrophication on sediment methane concentrations and benthic fluxes at two
type localities for open-water coastal versus eutrophic, estuarine sediment
in the Baltic Sea. Benthic fluxes of methane and oxygen and sediment pore-water
concentrations of dissolved sulfate, methane, and 35S-sulfate reduction
rates were obtained over a 12-month period from April 2012 to April 2013.
Benthic methane fluxes varied by factors of 5 and 12 at the offshore coastal
site and the eutrophic estuarine station, respectively, ranging from
0.1 mmol m−2 d−1 in winter at an open coastal site to 2.6 mmol m−2 d−1
in late summer in the inner eutrophic estuary. Total oxygen
uptake (TOU) and 35S-sulfate reduction rates (SRRs) correlated with
methane fluxes showing low rates in the winter and high rates in the summer.
The highest pore-water methane concentrations also varied by factors of 6 and
10 over the sampling period with the lowest values in the winter and highest
values in late summer–early autumn. The highest pore-water methane
concentrations were 5.7 mM a few centimeters below the sediment surface, but
they never exceeded the in situ saturation concentration. Of the
total sulfate reduction, 21–24 % was coupled to anaerobic methane oxidation, lowering
methane concentrations below the sediment surface far below the saturation
concentration. The data imply that bubble emission likely plays no or only a
minor role in methane emissions in these sediments. The changes in
pore-water methane concentrations over the observation period were too large
to be explained by temporal changes in methane formation and methane
oxidation rates due to temperature alone. Additional factors such as
regional and local hydrostatic pressure changes and coastal submarine
groundwater flow may also affect the vertical and lateral transport of
methane.
| Reference Key |
sawicka2017biogeosciencesannual
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;J. E. Sawicka;V. Brüchert |
| Journal | tetrahedron letters |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/bg-14-325-2017
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| URL | |
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