characteristics of flux-time profiles, temporal evolution, and spatial distribution of radiation-belt electron precipitation bursts in the upper ionosphere before great and giant earthquakes
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ID: 166455
2012
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Abstract
<p>The analysis of energetic electron observations made by the DEMETER satellite reveals that radiation belt electron precipitation (RBEP) bursts are observed in general several (~1-6 days) before a large (M > 6.5) earthquake (EQ) in the presence of broad band (~1-20 kHz) VLF waves. The EBs show in general a relative peak-to-background flux increase usually < 100, they have a time duration of ~0.5 – 3 min, and their energy spectrum reach up to energies <~500 keV. The RBEP activity is observed as one, two or three EBs throughout a semi-orbit, depended on the magnetic field structure above the EQ epicenter. A statistical analysis has been made for earthquakes in Japan, which reveals a standard temporal variation of the number of EBs, which begins with an incremental rate several days before major earthquakes, and after a maximum, decreases so that the electron precipitation ceases above the epicenter. Some earthquake induced EBs were observed not only in the nightside ionosphere, but also in the dayside ionosphere.</p><p> </p>
| Reference Key |
pulinets2012annalscharacteristics
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| Authors | ;Sergey Pulinets;Efthymios Vassiliadis;Georgios C. Anagnostopoulos |
| Journal | desalination |
| Year | 2012 |
| DOI |
10.4401/ag-5365
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