shared and differential retinal responses against optic nerve injury and ocular hypertension

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ID: 164820
2017
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Abstract
Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, affects primarily retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. The pathophysiology of glaucoma is not fully understood, but it is currently believed that damage to RGC axons at the optic nerve head plays a major role. Rodent models to study glaucoma include those that mimic either ocular hypertension or optic nerve injury. Here we review the anatomical loss of the general population of RGCs (that express Brn3a; Brn3a+RGCs) and of the intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (that express melanopsin; m+RGCs) after chronic (LP-OHT) or acute (A-OHT) ocular hypertension and after complete intraorbital optic nerve transection (ONT) or crush (ONC). Our studies show that all of these insults trigger RGC death. Compared to Brn3a+RGCs, m+RGCs are more resilient to ONT, ONC, and A-OHT but not to LP-OHT. There are differences in the course of RGC loss both between these RGC types and among injuries. An important difference between the damage caused by ocular hypertension or optic nerve injury appears in the outer retina. Both axotomy and LP-OHT induce selective loss of RGCs but LP-OHT also induces a protracted loss of cone photoreceptors. This review outlines our current understanding of the anatomical changes occurring in rodent models of glaucoma and discusses the advantages of each one and their translational value.
Reference Key
vidal-sanz2017frontiersshared Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;Manuel Vidal-Sanz;Caridad Galindo-Romero;Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano;Francisco M. Nadal-Nicolás;Arturo Ortin-Martinez;Giuseppe Rovere;Manuel Salinas-Navarro;Fernando Lucas-Ruiz;Maria C. Sanchez-Migallon;Paloma Sobrado-Calvo;Marcelino Aviles-Trigueros;María P. Villegas-Pérez;Marta Agudo-Barriuso
Journal Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
Year 2017
DOI
10.3389/fnins.2017.00235
URL
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2017.00235/full
Keywords
glaucoma neuropsychiatry biological psychiatry

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