high-resolution inventory of ammonia emissions from agricultural fertilizer in china from 1978 to 2008
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2016
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Abstract
The quantification of ammonia (NH3) emissions is essential to the more
accurate quantification of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, improved air
quality and the assessment of ammonia-related agricultural policy and
climate mitigation strategies. The quantity, geographic distribution and
historical trends of these emissions remain largely uncertain. In this
paper, a new Chinese agricultural fertilizer NH3 (CAF_NH3)
emissions inventory has been compiled that exhibits the following
improvements: (1) a 1 × 1 km gridded map on the county level was
developed for 2008; (2) a combined bottom-up and top-down method was used
for the local correction of emission factors (EFs) and parameters; (3) the
temporal patterns of historical time trends for 1978–2008 were estimated and
the uncertainties were quantified for the inventories; and (4) a sensitivity
test was performed in which a province-level disaggregated map was compared
with CAF_NH3 emissions for 2008. The total
CAF_NH3 emissions for 2008 were 8.4 TgNH3 yr−1 (a 6.6–9.8 Tg interquartile range). From
1978 to 2008, annual NH3 emissions fluctuated with three peaks (1987,
1996 and 2005), and total emissions increased from 3.2 to 8.4 Tg at an
annual rate of 3.0 %. During the study period, the contribution of
livestock manure spreading increased from 37.0 to 45.5 % because of
changing fertilization practices and the rapid increase in egg, milk, and
meat consumption. The average contribution of synthetic fertilizer, which
has a positive effect on crop yields, was approximately 38.3 % (minimum:
33.4 %; maximum: 42.7 %). With rapid urbanization causing a decline in
the rural population, the contribution of the rural excrement sector varied
widely between 20.3 % and 8.5 %. The average contributions of cake
fertilizer and straw returning were approximately 3.8 and 4.5 %,
respectively, thus small and stable. Collectively, the CAF_NH3 emissions reflect the nation's agricultural policy to a certain
extent. An effective approach to decreasing PM2.5 concentrations in
China would be to simultaneously decrease NOx, SO2, and NH3
emissions.
| Reference Key |
xu2016atmospherichigh-resolution
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;P. Xu;P. Xu;Y. J. Liao;Y. H. Lin;C. X. Zhao;C. H. Yan;M. N. Cao;G. S. Wang;S. J. Luan;S. J. Luan |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2016 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-16-1207-2016
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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