emission characteristics of refractory black carbon aerosols from fresh biomass burning: a perspective from laboratory experiments
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2017
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Abstract
The emission characteristics of refractory black carbon (rBC) from biomass
burning are essential information for numerical simulations of regional
pollution and climate effects. We conducted combustion experiments in the
laboratory to investigate the emission ratio and mixing state of rBC from the
burning of wheat straw and rapeseed plants, which are the main crops
cultivated in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. A single particle soot
photometer (SP2) was used to measure rBC-containing particles at high
temporal resolution and with high accuracy. The combustion state of each
burning case was indicated by the modified combustion efficiency (MCE), which
is calculated using the integrated enhancement of carbon dioxide and carbon
monoxide concentrations relative to their background values. The mass size
distribution of the rBC particles showed a lognormal shape with a mode mass
equivalent diameter (MED) of 189 nm (ranging from 152 to 215 nm), assuming
an rBC density of 1.8 g cm−3. rBC particles less than 80 nm in size
(the lower detection limit of the SP2) accounted for ∼ 5 % of the
total rBC mass, on average. The emission ratios, which are expressed as
ΔrBC ∕ ΔCO (Δ indicates the difference between
the observed and background values), displayed a significant positive
correlation with the MCE values and varied between 1.8 and
34 ng m−3 ppbv−1. Multi-peak fitting analysis of the delay time
(Δt, or the time of occurrence of the scattering peak minus that of
the incandescence peak) distribution showed that rBC-containing particles
with rBC MED = 200 ± 10 nm displayed two peaks at Δt = 1.7 µs and Δt = 3.2 µs, which could
be attributed to the contributions from both flaming and smoldering
combustion in each burning case. Both the Δt values and the
shell / core ratios of the rBC-containing particles clearly increased as
the MCE decreased from 0.98 (smoldering-dominant combustion) to 0.86
(flaming-dominant combustion), implying the great importance of the rapid
condensation of semi-volatile organics. This laboratory study found that the
mixing state of rBC particles from biomass burning strongly depends on its
combustion processes, and overall MCE should be taken carefully into
consideration while the climate effect of rBC particles from open biomass
burning is simulated.
| Reference Key |
pan2017atmosphericemission
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;X. Pan;Y. Kanaya;F. Taketani;T. Miyakawa;S. Inomata;Y. Komazaki;H. Tanimoto;Z. Wang;Z. Wang;I. Uno;Z. Wang |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-17-13001-2017
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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