seletividade de herbicidas para a cultura de milho (zea mays) aplicados em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura selectivity to corn crop (zea mays) of herbicides applied in different crop phenological stages
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2003
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Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em condições de pré e pós-emergência da cultura de milho, conduzida sob sistema de semeadura direta, sem a presença de plantas daninhas durante todo o ciclo da cultura. O híbrido utilizado foi o Pioneer 3027, e o delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com 22 tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos herbicidas utilizados (em g i.a. ha-1), com os respectivos estádios fenológicos (número de folhas definitivas = NF) no momento da aplicação dos respectivos tratamentos herbicidas, foram: atrazine + metolachlor (1.400 + 2.100) em condições de pré-emergência da cultura; (atrazine + metolachlor) + nicosulfuron [(1.000 + 1.500 + 20)] com a cultura apresentando NF = 2; atrazine + óleo vegetal (2.400 + 1.800), NF = 2, 4 e 8; atrazine + simazine (1.250 + 1.250), NF = 2, 4 e 8; nicosulfuron (40 - NF = 2, 4 e 8; 20 - NF = 4 e 8 e 52 - NF = 4 e 8); e (atrazine + óleo vegetal) + nicosulfuron [(800 + 600) + 20; (800 + 600) + 40 e (800 + 600) + 52), NF = 4 e 8]. Foram feitas avaliações visuais de sintomas de fitotoxicidade provocados pelos herbicidas aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após aplicação, usando a escala proposta pela European Weed Research Council, além dos parâmetros relativos aos componentes de produção da cultura e produtividade final. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a duração dos estádios fenológicos da cultura não foi afetada pelos herbicidas utilizados e que alguns tratamentos herbicidas, quando aplicados no estádio fenológico 2 (NF = 8 ), reduzem o rendimento da cultura, devido à alteração do número de fileiras por espiga, do número de grãos por fileira e da massa de 1.000 grãos de milho, sendo recomendável a aplicação de herbicidas na cultura de milho até o estádio fenológico 1 (NF = 4), para evitar danos à cultura por fitotoxicidade.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the selectivity of pre and post-emergence herbicides on corn crop under no-tillage system, kept weed-free throughout the crop cycle. The corn hybrid Pioneer 3027 was sown and the experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 22 treatments and 3 replications. The following herbicide treatments (in g a.i. ha-1) were applied in the respective phenological stages (number of definitive leaves = NF): atrazine + metolachlor (1,400 + 2,100) under pre-emergence conditions of the crop; (atrazine + metolachlor) + nicosulfuron [(1,000 + 1,500) + 20] with the crop presenting NF = 2; atrazine + vegetal oil (2,400 + 1,800), NF = 2, 4 and 8, atrazine + simazine (1,250 + 1,250), NF = 2, 4 and 8; nicosulfuron (40 - NF = 2, 4 and 8; 20 _ NF = 4 and 8 and 52 _ NF = 4 and 8); (atrazine + vegetal oil) + nicosulfuron [(800 + 600) + 20; (800 + 600) + 40 e (800 + 600) + 52), NF = 4 and 8. Visual evaluations of the phytotoxicity symptoms were performed at 7, 14, and 21 days after each herbicide application, adopting the European Weed Research Council grading, besides parameters related to crop yield components and final yield. The results indicated that the herbicides did not affect the duration of the phenological stage of the crop. When sprayed at the phenological stage 2 (NF = 8), some herbicides reduced crop yield due to the decrease in total number of corn grain rows per ear, total number of grains per row, and mass of 1,000 grains; being thus advisable to apply herbicides in the corn crop from seeding through the phenological stage 1 (NF = 4), in order to avoid phytotoxicity to the corn crop.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the selectivity of pre and post-emergence herbicides on corn crop under no-tillage system, kept weed-free throughout the crop cycle. The corn hybrid Pioneer 3027 was sown and the experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 22 treatments and 3 replications. The following herbicide treatments (in g a.i. ha-1) were applied in the respective phenological stages (number of definitive leaves = NF): atrazine + metolachlor (1,400 + 2,100) under pre-emergence conditions of the crop; (atrazine + metolachlor) + nicosulfuron [(1,000 + 1,500) + 20] with the crop presenting NF = 2; atrazine + vegetal oil (2,400 + 1,800), NF = 2, 4 and 8, atrazine + simazine (1,250 + 1,250), NF = 2, 4 and 8; nicosulfuron (40 - NF = 2, 4 and 8; 20 _ NF = 4 and 8 and 52 _ NF = 4 and 8); (atrazine + vegetal oil) + nicosulfuron [(800 + 600) + 20; (800 + 600) + 40 e (800 + 600) + 52), NF = 4 and 8. Visual evaluations of the phytotoxicity symptoms were performed at 7, 14, and 21 days after each herbicide application, adopting the European Weed Research Council grading, besides parameters related to crop yield components and final yield. The results indicated that the herbicides did not affect the duration of the phenological stage of the crop. When sprayed at the phenological stage 2 (NF = 8), some herbicides reduced crop yield due to the decrease in total number of corn grain rows per ear, total number of grains per row, and mass of 1,000 grains; being thus advisable to apply herbicides in the corn crop from seeding through the phenological stage 1 (NF = 4), in order to avoid phytotoxicity to the corn crop.
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lpez-ovejero2003plantaseletividade
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| Authors | ;R.F. López-Ovejero;A.L. Fancelli;D. Dourado-Neto;A. García y García;P.J. Christoffoleti |
| Journal | anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry |
| Year | 2003 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-83582003000300009
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