extreme events in gross primary production: a characterization across continents

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ID: 158091
2014
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Abstract
Climate extremes can affect the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, for instance via a reduction of the photosynthetic capacity or alterations of respiratory processes. Yet the dominant regional and seasonal effects of hydrometeorological extremes are still not well documented and in the focus of this paper. Specifically, we quantify and characterize the role of large spatiotemporal extreme events in gross primary production (GPP) as triggers of continental anomalies. We also investigate seasonal dynamics of extreme impacts on continental GPP anomalies. We find that the 50 largest positive extremes (i.e., statistically unusual increases in carbon uptake rates) and negative extremes (i.e., statistically unusual decreases in carbon uptake rates) on each continent can explain most of the continental variation in GPP, which is in line with previous results obtained at the global scale. We show that negative extremes are larger than positive ones and demonstrate that this asymmetry is particularly strong in South America and Europe. Our analysis indicates that the overall impacts and the spatial extents of GPP extremes are power-law distributed with exponents that vary little across continents. Moreover, we show that on all continents and for all data sets the spatial extents play a more important role for the overall impact of GPP extremes compared to the durations or maximal GPP. An analysis of possible causes across continents indicates that most negative extremes in GPP can be attributed clearly to water scarcity, whereas extreme temperatures play a secondary role. However, for Europe, South America and Oceania we also identify fire as an important driver. Our findings are consistent with remote sensing products. An independent validation against a literature survey on specific extreme events supports our results to a large extent.
Reference Key
zscheischler2014biogeosciencesextreme Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;J. Zscheischler;M. Reichstein;S. Harmeling;A. Rammig;E. Tomelleri;M. D. Mahecha
Journal tetrahedron letters
Year 2014
DOI
10.5194/bg-11-2909-2014
URL
http://www.biogeosciences.net/11/2909/2014/bg-11-2909-2014.pdf
Keywords
ecologylifegeology

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