thermodynamic and dynamic responses of the hydrological cycle to solar dimming
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2017
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Abstract
The fundamental role of the hydrological cycle in the global
climate system motivates a thorough evaluation of its responses to climate
change and mitigation. The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project
(GeoMIP) is a coordinated international effort to assess the climate impacts
of solar geoengineering, a proposal to counteract global warming with a
reduction in incoming solar radiation. We assess the mechanisms underlying
the rainfall response to a simplified simulation of such solar dimming (G1)
in the suite of GeoMIP models and identify robust features. While solar
geoengineering nearly restores preindustrial temperatures, the global
hydrology is altered. Tropical precipitation changes dominate the response
across the model suite, and these are driven primarily by shifts of the
Hadley circulation cells. We report a damping of the seasonal migration of
the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in G1, associated with preferential
cooling of the summer hemisphere, and annual mean ITCZ shifts in some models
that are correlated with the warming of one hemisphere relative to the other.
Dynamical changes better explain the varying tropical rainfall anomalies
between models than changes in relative humidity or the Clausius–Clapeyron
scaling of precipitation minus evaporation (P − E), given that the relative
humidity and temperature responses are robust across the suite. Strong
reductions in relative humidity over vegetated land regions are likely
related to the CO2 physiological response in plants. The uncertainty in
the spatial distribution of tropical P − E changes highlights the need for
cautious consideration and continued study before any implementation of solar
geoengineering.
| Reference Key |
smyth2017atmosphericthermodynamic
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;J. E. Smyth;R. D. Russotto;T. Storelvmo |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-17-6439-2017
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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