sensitivity of black carbon concentrations and climate impact to aging and scavenging in osloctm2–m7
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2017
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Abstract
Accurate representation of black carbon (BC) concentrations in
climate models is a key prerequisite for understanding its net climate
impact. BC aging and scavenging are treated very differently in current
models. Here, we examine the sensitivity of three-dimensional (3-D),
temporally resolved BC concentrations to perturbations to individual model
processes in the chemistry transport model OsloCTM2–M7. The main goals are
to identify processes related to aerosol aging and scavenging where
additional observational constraints may most effectively improve model
performance, in particular for BC vertical profiles, and to give an
indication of how model uncertainties in the BC life cycle propagate into
uncertainties in climate impacts. Coupling OsloCTM2 with the microphysical
aerosol module M7 allows us to investigate aging processes in more detail
than possible with a simpler bulk parameterization. Here we include, for the
first time in this model, a treatment of condensation of nitric acid on BC.
Using kernels, we also estimate the range of radiative forcing and global
surface temperature responses that may result from perturbations to key
tunable parameters in the model. We find that BC concentrations in
OsloCTM2–M7 are particularly sensitive to convective scavenging and the
inclusion of condensation by nitric acid. The largest changes are found at
higher altitudes around the Equator and at low altitudes over the Arctic.
Convective scavenging of hydrophobic BC, and the amount of sulfate required
for BC aging, are found to be key parameters, potentially reducing bias
against HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) flight-based measurements by
60 to 90 %. Even for extensive tuning, however, the total impact on
global-mean surface temperature is estimated to less than 0.04 K. Similar
results are found when nitric acid is allowed to condense on the BC aerosols.
We conclude, in line with previous studies, that a shorter atmospheric BC
lifetime broadly improves the comparison with measurements over the Pacific.
However, we also find that the model–measurement discrepancies can not be
uniquely attributed to uncertainties in a single process or parameter. Model
development therefore needs to be focused on improvements to individual
processes, supported by a broad range of observational and experimental data,
rather than tuning of individual, effective parameters such as the global BC
lifetime.
| Reference Key |
lund2017atmosphericsensitivity
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;M. T. Lund;T. K. Berntsen;B. H. Samset |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-17-6003-2017
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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