resistencia antimicrobiana e implicancias para el manejo de infecciones del tracto urinario

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2018
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Abstract
Resumen: La resistencia antimicrobiana es un problema global creciente, que también afecta a los agentes etiológicos comunes de las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) y puede implicar mayor morbimortalidad sin un tratamiento adecuado. Existen diferencias regionales en la resistencia y a nivel ambulatorio versus nosocomial que deben considerarse. Todo uso de antibióticos causa presión selectiva sobre el microbioma por eliminación de bacterias susceptibles y aumenta el riesgo de infecciones por bacterias resistentes. Se discuten los principales mecanismos de resistencia y los antimicrobianos afectados, además de sus implicancias terapéuticas en los distintos cuadros de ITU. Es fundamental evitar la exposición innecesaria a antibióticos, realizar un correcto diagnóstico, elegir y ajustar un adecuado tratamiento, entre otras medidas para enfrentar la resistencia antimicrobiana. Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global problem, which also affects the common etiological agents of urinary tract infections (UTI) and may involve increased morbidity and mortality without adequate treatment. There are regional differences in resistance and at the ambulatory versus nosocomial level that should be considered. Any use of antibiotics causes selective pressure on the microbiome by eliminating susceptible bacteria and increases the risk of infections by resistant bacteria. The main mechanisms of resistance and the affected antimicrobials are discussed, as well as their therapeutic implications in the different UTI cases. It is essential to avoid unnecessary exposure to antibiotics, make a correct diagnosis, choose and adjust an appropriate treatment, among other measures to face antimicrobial resistance. Palabras clave: Infecciones del tracto urinario, resistencia a antimicrobianos, tratamiento, Key words: Urinary tract infections, drug resistance, therapeutics
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Authors ;Luisa Durán, MD, DTMH
Journal hla
Year 2018
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