effects of flow reduction and spillways on the composition and structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in a brazilian river reach efeitos da redução de vazão e construção de soleiras vertentes sobre a composição e estrutura de comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em um trecho de rio brasileiro

Clicks: 245
ID: 146472
2011
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Abstract
Dams are a major threat to aquatic biological diversity. By altering the natural flow of rivers, dams modify fluvial habitats, making them unsuitable for the growth and reproduction of many aquatic species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a reduced flow reach (RFR) on benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at six sites downstream of the Amador Aguiar Power Plant I before (lotic phase) and after (semi-lentic phase) Araguari River mean flow was reduced from 346 to 7 m³.s-1. Changes in macroinvertebrates richness, diversity and total biomass were not observed. Ablabesmyia, Tanytarsus (Chironomidae, Diptera), Leptoceridae and Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) densities significantly increased the first year after flow reduction and the construction of spillways (t-test; p < 0.05). An analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed statistical differences in taxonomical composition despite considerable overlap in communities between the lotic and semi-lentic phases (R = 0.3; p < 0.01). In both phases, the macroinvertebrates were characterised by the dominance of groups tolerant to human disturbance (e.g., Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae and Oligochaeta) and by the presence of the alien bivalve species Corbicula fluminea (Veneroidae), suggesting that the river was already degraded before the hydraulic modifications. Since the 1980s, the Araguari River has been continuously subjected to human pressures (e.g., cascade dams, urbanization and replacement of native vegetation by pasture and crops). These activities have led to impoverishment of biological communities and have consequently altered the ecosystem.
As represas constituem uma das principais ameaças à diversidade biológica. Ao alterarem a vazão natural de um rio, modificam os habitats fluviais tornando-os inadequados para o crescimento e reprodução de diversas espécies aquáticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um trecho de vazão reduzida sobre as comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentônicos. Os organismos foram coletados em seis estações amostrais à jusante da UHE Amador Aguiar I antes (fase lótica) e após (fase semilêntica) a vazão média do rio Araguari (MG) ter sido reduzida de 346 para 7 m³.s-1. Não foram registradas mudanças na riqueza, diversidade e biomassa total dos macroinvertebrados. As densidades (ind.m-2) de Ablabesmyia, Tanytarsus (Diptera), Leptoceridae e Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) aumentaram significativamente no primeiro ano após a redução da vazão e construção das soleiras vertentes (t-test; p < 0,05). Uma análise de similaridade (ANOSIM) apontou diferenças significativas na composição taxonômica, porém houve sobreposição das comunidades entre as fases lótica e semilêntica (R = 0,3; p < 0,01). Em ambas as fases a macrofauna caracterizou-se pela dominância de grupos tolerantes a distúrbios antrópicos (p. ex. Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae e Oligochaeta) e pela presença do bivalve invasor Corbicula fluminea, sugerindo que o rio já estava degradado antes das modificações hidráulicas. Desde a década de 1980 o rio Araguari tem sido continuamente submetido a impactos antrópicos (barramentos em cascata, urbanização e a substituição da vegetação por pastagens e cultivos agrícolas). Essas atividades têm levado ao empobrecimento das comunidades biológicas e, consequentemente, alterado o funcionamento do ecossistema.
Reference Key
maroneze2011brazilianeffects Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;DM. Maroneze;TH. Tupinambás;JS. França;M. Callisto
Journal international journal of economic and environment geology
Year 2011
DOI
10.1590/S1519-69842011000400008
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842011000400008
Keywords
dams

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