diagnóstico de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus
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ID: 146035
2006
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Abstract
La infección por el VIH y su consecuencia, el sida, se han podido conocer, seguir, y, en algunos casos, controlar, gracias a la disponibilidad de pruebas diagnósticas al acceso de la población. Una prueba diagnóstica en un individuo infectado asintomático puede significar muchos años de vida ganados y con buena calidad, al mismo tiempo que permite evitar nuevas infecciones. El diagnóstico de la infección por el VIH se establece al aislar el virus en cultivo, detectar el antígeno P24, medir la respuesta de anticuerpos o detectar su ácido nucleico. En este momento se dispone de diferentes tipos de pruebas en varios formatos, en general, con muy buena sensibilidad y especificidad. Después de realizar la asesoría previa a la prueba, el abordaje diagnóstico se inicia con una prueba presuntiva o de tamizaje, tipo ELISA, que luego debe confirmarse con una prueba más específica, tipo Western Blot. En algunos casos, como en el niño menor de 18 meses, es necesario recurrir a pruebas moleculares para establecer el diagnóstico. En este artículo se presenta una revisión actualizada de los diferentes métodos disponibles para el diagnóstico de la infección por el VIH, así como sus ventajas, desventajas y limitaciones.
HIV infection and AIDS, have been known, followed and controlled due to availability of diagnostic tests. An opportune diagnostic test in an asymptomatic patient might represent a good number of years with a high quality of life for an infected patient. HIV infection tests stands on the basis of the recognition of virus in a culture, or the presence of P24 antigen, the antibody response or detecting viral DNA. Currently, the available tests offer good specificity and sensitivity. After the pre-test assessment, diagnostic approach begins with a screening test that should be followed by a confirmatory test like Western blot. In the case of children younger than 18 months, molecular tests are needed. A current review of the diagnostic methods is presented, showing not only the known advantages but also the disadvantages and limitations of these tests.
HIV infection and AIDS, have been known, followed and controlled due to availability of diagnostic tests. An opportune diagnostic test in an asymptomatic patient might represent a good number of years with a high quality of life for an infected patient. HIV infection tests stands on the basis of the recognition of virus in a culture, or the presence of P24 antigen, the antibody response or detecting viral DNA. Currently, the available tests offer good specificity and sensitivity. After the pre-test assessment, diagnostic approach begins with a screening test that should be followed by a confirmatory test like Western blot. In the case of children younger than 18 months, molecular tests are needed. A current review of the diagnostic methods is presented, showing not only the known advantages but also the disadvantages and limitations of these tests.
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| Authors | ;SIGIFREDO OSPINA O |
| Journal | diabetology & metabolic syndrome |
| Year | 2006 |
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