la investigación sobre apoyo social en salud: situación actual y nuevos desafíos research on social support and health: current status and new challenges
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ID: 140767
1997
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Abstract
La categoría de "apoyo social" ha permitido desarrollar toda una corriente de investigación que busca explicar algunas de las diferencias existentes en la distribución de ciertas enfermedades tanto físicas como mentales. El concepto de apoyo social presenta varios problemas que es preciso resolver. Este artículo discute algunos de estos problemas, y mostra la posibilidad de enriquecer el tema desde una perspectiva sociológica. Se discute el origen conceptual del término y se analizan diversas definiciones del mismo. Se analizar las formas en que la investigación reciente ha tratado de vincular la disponibilidad de apoyo social con la existencia de ciertos niveles de salud y enfermedad. Se discuten las diferencias entre el modelo del efecto directo y el modelo del efecto amortiguador. Se muestra la necesidad de estudiar al apoyo social no sólo como posible determinante de ciertas formas de enfermedad, sino también como una variable dependiente. Se subraya la importancia de buscar las determinantes del apoyo social en todos los niveles de la realidad social, dando especial importancia a las variables de clase social y género. Se presenta una discusión sobre los avances logrados en el estudio de los factores que se asocian a la disponibilidad de apoyo social por parte de los individuos. Se muestra que el apoyo social es a su vez producto de ciertos ordenamientos sociales que pueden ser identificados con claridad a través de un análisis sociológico del fenómeno. Para ilustrar este argumento, se discute el caso de la atención, entendida como una forma de apoyo social, y se muestra que la distribución de la misma está determinada socialmente. Se finaliza con una reflexión sobre la necesidad de integrar diversos enfoques teórico-metodológicos como condición necesaria para lograr nuevos avances en el estudio del apoyo social
On the borderline between sociology and psychology, the concept of social support has made it possible to develop a whole research tradition aimed at explaining some of the differences existing in the distribution of mental and physical disease. The concept of social support itself, however, still presents some ambiguities which must be clarified. These problems are discussed and it is showed and shows that the topic can be enriched with the contribution of the social sciences. Different definitions of the concept itself, are briefly analysed and the complexity and multidimensional character of social support are highlighted. The association between social support and health is discussed. The differences and implications of the direct effect model and the buffering effect model are addressed, and the relevance of the construct of social support is enhanced. The need to study social support not only as a likely determinant of some forms of disease, but also as a dependent variable, is brought out. Some recent developments in the study of factors associated with the availability of social support are discussed. It is shown that social support is a product of certain social factors which can be clearly identified by sociological analysis. In order to illustrate this point, the structural determinants of a specific dimension of social support -attention- are discussed. The importance of structural variables like social class and gender in attempting to explain the differential distribution of certain forms of social support is emphasized. It is proposed, on the theoretical level, that the intersection between two related autonomous constructs -social class and social support- may better explain those aspects of these concepts that are of importance to observed heterogeneity in the distribution of mental and physical health. Different theoretical and methodological approaches to the understanding of the determinants of social support and its effect on health are suggested.
On the borderline between sociology and psychology, the concept of social support has made it possible to develop a whole research tradition aimed at explaining some of the differences existing in the distribution of mental and physical disease. The concept of social support itself, however, still presents some ambiguities which must be clarified. These problems are discussed and it is showed and shows that the topic can be enriched with the contribution of the social sciences. Different definitions of the concept itself, are briefly analysed and the complexity and multidimensional character of social support are highlighted. The association between social support and health is discussed. The differences and implications of the direct effect model and the buffering effect model are addressed, and the relevance of the construct of social support is enhanced. The need to study social support not only as a likely determinant of some forms of disease, but also as a dependent variable, is brought out. Some recent developments in the study of factors associated with the availability of social support are discussed. It is shown that social support is a product of certain social factors which can be clearly identified by sociological analysis. In order to illustrate this point, the structural determinants of a specific dimension of social support -attention- are discussed. The importance of structural variables like social class and gender in attempting to explain the differential distribution of certain forms of social support is emphasized. It is proposed, on the theoretical level, that the intersection between two related autonomous constructs -social class and social support- may better explain those aspects of these concepts that are of importance to observed heterogeneity in the distribution of mental and physical health. Different theoretical and methodological approaches to the understanding of the determinants of social support and its effect on health are suggested.
| Reference Key |
castro1997revistala
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;Roberto Castro;Lourdes Campero;Bernardo Hernández |
| Journal | proceedings - 2016 3rd international conference on information technology, computer, and electrical engineering, icitacee 2016 |
| Year | 1997 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0034-89101997000400012
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| URL | |
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