diretrizes metodológicas para investigar estados alterados de consciência e experiências anômalas methodological guidelines to explore altered states of consciousness and anomalous experiences
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ID: 140177
2003
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Abstract
As experiências anômalas (EA) (vivências incomuns ou que se acredita diferentes do habitual e das explicações usualmente aceitas como realidade: alucinações, sinestesia e vivências interpretadas como telepáticas...) e os estados alterados de consciência (EAC) são descritos em todas as civilizações de todas as eras, constituindo-se elementos importantes na história das sociedades. Apesar disso, têm recebido pouca atenção da comunidade científica, ou são abordados de forma pouco rigorosa. As EA e os EAC podem ser estudados sem que se compartilhem as crenças envolvidas, sendo possível investigá-los enquanto experiências subjetivas e, como tais, correlacionados com quaisquer outros dados. Neste artigo, procurou-se apresentar algumas diretrizes metodológicas para um estudo rigoroso do tema, entre elas: evitar uma abordagem preconceituosa e a "patologização" do diferente, a necessidade de uma teoria e de uma revisão exaustiva da literatura existente, utilizar diversos critérios de normalidade e patologia, investigar populações clínicas e não clínicas, desenvolvimento de instrumentos adequados para avaliação, cuidados na escolha dos termos e no estabelecimento de nexos causais, distinguir entre a experiência vivenciada e suas interpretações, considerar o papel da cultura, avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade dos relatos, por fim, o desafio gerado pela necessidade de criatividade e diversidade na escolha dos métodos.
Anomalous experiences (AE) (uncommon experiences or one that is believed to deviate from the usually accepted explanations of reality: hallucinations, synesthesia, experiences interpreted as telepathic...) and altered states of consciousness (ASC) are described in all societies of all ages. Even so, the scientists have long neglected the studies on this theme. To study AE and ASC is not necessary to share the believes we discuss, they can be investigated as subjective experiences and correlated like any other set of data. This article presents some methodological guidelines to explore these experiences, among them: to avoid prejudice approaches and to "pathologize" the unusual, the value of a theory and a comprehensive review of literature, using various concepts of pathology and normality, the investigation of clinical and non-clinical populations, development of new search instruments, to be careful to choose terms and to decide causal nexus, to distinguish experiences and interpretations, to take into account the role of culture, to evaluate the validity and reliability of reports, and the last, but not least, creativity and diversity in choosing methods.
Anomalous experiences (AE) (uncommon experiences or one that is believed to deviate from the usually accepted explanations of reality: hallucinations, synesthesia, experiences interpreted as telepathic...) and altered states of consciousness (ASC) are described in all societies of all ages. Even so, the scientists have long neglected the studies on this theme. To study AE and ASC is not necessary to share the believes we discuss, they can be investigated as subjective experiences and correlated like any other set of data. This article presents some methodological guidelines to explore these experiences, among them: to avoid prejudice approaches and to "pathologize" the unusual, the value of a theory and a comprehensive review of literature, using various concepts of pathology and normality, the investigation of clinical and non-clinical populations, development of new search instruments, to be careful to choose terms and to decide causal nexus, to distinguish experiences and interpretations, to take into account the role of culture, to evaluate the validity and reliability of reports, and the last, but not least, creativity and diversity in choosing methods.
| Reference Key |
almeida2003archivesdiretrizes
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;Alexander Moreira de Almeida;Francisco Lotufo Neto |
| Journal | arthritis research & therapy |
| Year | 2003 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0101-60832003000100003
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| URL | |
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