crescimento de figueira sob diferentes condiÇÕes de cultivo fig tree growth under different crop conditions

<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A análise de crescimento de plantas pode ser considerada um bom indicativo para a avaliação das bases fisiológicas de produção e da influência exercida por variáveis ambientais, genéticas e agronômicas. Avaliou-se o crescimento da figueira ‘Roxo de Valinhos’, submetida a irrigação e cobertura morta (bagacilho de cana-de-açúcar triturado), em Botucatu (SP). O experimento utilizou blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (cobertura morta x irrigação), com 4 repetições, sendo cada repetição constituída por 3 plantas, com caracterização dos seguintes tratamentos: T1 - sem irrigação e sem cobertura morta; T2 - sem irrigação e com cobertura morta; T3 - com irrigação e sem cobertura morta; T4 - com irrigação e cobertura morta. Foram realizadas análises destrutivas e não destrutivas, aos 7, 55, 76, 97, 114, 135, 156, 176, 198, 219, 240, 254 e 275 dias após o transplantio, com base nos seguintes parâmetros: diâmetro do ramo e do caule, comprimento do ramo, número de folhas, número de entrenós e número de frutos. Foram particionados os diferentes órgãos da planta, para obtenção da massa seca e fresca das partições isoladas. As medições da área foliar (cm</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2</span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">) foram realizadas com aparelho integrador fotoelétrico. O manejo da irrigação foi realizado com o auxílio da técnica de tensiometria, mantendo o potencial matricial do solo próximo a -30 kPa. O uso de cobertura morta e irrigação favoreceu o desenvolvimento das plantas (diâmetro do caule de 36,60 mm e comprimento do ramo de 1,28 m), e as taxas de crescimento, crescimento relativo e assimilatória líquida da cultura foram de 7 g m</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-2</span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> dia</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">, 0,015 g g</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> dia</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> e 17 g m</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-2</span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> dia</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">, respectivamente. As taxas indicaram que a cobertura morta ofereceu condições hídricas satisfatórias ao rápido estabelecimento das mudas.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The plant growth analysis can be a good tool to evaluate the yield physiological basis and the influence of environmental, genetic, and agronomic traits.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ficus carica</span></em></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> L. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">growth, under irrigation and mulch (crushed sugar-cane), was evaluated in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2x2 factorial scheme (mulch x irrigation), with 4 replications and each replication consisting of 3 plants, under the following treatments: T1 - without irrigation or mulch; T2 - without irrigation and with mulch; T3 - with irrigation and without mulch; T4 - with irrigation and mulch. Destructive and non-destructive analysis were carried out at </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">7, 55, 76, 97, 114, 135, 156, 176, 198, 219, 240, 254, and 275 days after transplanting</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">, based on the following parameters: branch and stem diameter, branch length, and number of leaves, internodes, and fruits. Different plant organs were partitioned to obtain the fresh and dry mass of isolated partitions. The leaf area (cm</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">2</span></span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">) was measured with a photoelectric device and the irrigation management was carried out with the aid of a tensiometer, keeping the soil matric potential close to -30 kPa. The use of mulch and irrigation favored the development of plants (stem diameter of 36.60 mm and branch length of 1.28 m), and the crop growth rate, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate were respectively 7 g m</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-2</span></span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> day</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">, 0.015 g g</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> day</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">and 17 g m</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-2</span></span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> day</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">^{<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span></span>}</span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">. These rates showed that the mulch provided satisfactory hydric conditions to a fast establishment of seedlings.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>