hemofilia a adquirida acquired hemophilia a
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Abstract
La hemofilia A adquirida (HAA) es un trastorno hemorrágico poco frecuente caracterizado por la presencia de autoanticuerpos contra el factor VIII (FVIII) circulante. Aproximadamente en la mitad de los casos se ha observado un grupo heterogéneo de procesos patológicos que incluyen, entre otros, enfermedades autoinmunes y malignas y durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Las manifestaciones hemorrágicas son variables y fundamentalmente de tipo cutáneo mucoso. El diagnóstico se basa en el hallazgo en un paciente con manifestaciones hemorrágicas, prolongación del tiempo parcial de tromboplastina activado (TPTA), disminución de la actividad del FVIII y presencia de inhibidores del FVIII. El tratamiento de HAA incluye el control de las manifestaciones hemorrágicas y la supresión de la producción del anticuerpo. El concentrado de factor VIIa recombinante (FVIIar) y el concentrado de complejo protrombínico (CCPA) se consideran el tratamiento antihemorrágico de primera línea. Como terapéutica alternativa, en algunos casos puede utilizarse el concentrado de FVIII, la plasmaféresis y la inmunoadsorción extracorpórea. La prednisona sola o asociada con la ciclofosfamida, constituye el tratamiento inmunosupresor de primera línea. En pacientes refractarios puede administrarse como terapéutica de segunda línea, el rituximab (anti-CD20). Con la azatiopina, la ciclosporina, la vincristina y el micofenolato de mofetil, se han obtenido resultados variables.
Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is an uncommon hemorrhagic disorder characterized by presence of autoantibodies to circulating factor VIII. Approximately in half of cases it is noted a heterogeneous group of pathological processes including among others, autoimmune and malignant diseases and during pregnancy, labor and puerperium. Hemorrhagic manifestations are variable and mainly of mucous cutaneous type. Diagnosis is based on the finding of a patient presenting with hemorrhagic manifestations, extension of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), decrease of Factor VIII activity, and presence of Factor VIII inhibitors. AHA treatment includes the control of hemorrhagic manifestations and the suppression of antibody production. The recombinant factor VIIIa (rVIIIaF) concentration and the prothrombin-complex concentrations (PCC) are considered like the first-line antihemorrhagic treatment. As alternative therapy in some cases the FCIII concentration, the plasmapheresis and extracorporeal immuno-adsorption may be used. The prednisone alone or associated with cyclophosphamide is the firs-line immunosuppressive treatment. In refractory patients it may be administered as a second-line therapy, the Rituximab (anti-CD20). With the use of Azathioprine, Cyclosporine, Vincristine and the Mycophenolate mofetil variable results have been achieved.
Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is an uncommon hemorrhagic disorder characterized by presence of autoantibodies to circulating factor VIII. Approximately in half of cases it is noted a heterogeneous group of pathological processes including among others, autoimmune and malignant diseases and during pregnancy, labor and puerperium. Hemorrhagic manifestations are variable and mainly of mucous cutaneous type. Diagnosis is based on the finding of a patient presenting with hemorrhagic manifestations, extension of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), decrease of Factor VIII activity, and presence of Factor VIII inhibitors. AHA treatment includes the control of hemorrhagic manifestations and the suppression of antibody production. The recombinant factor VIIIa (rVIIIaF) concentration and the prothrombin-complex concentrations (PCC) are considered like the first-line antihemorrhagic treatment. As alternative therapy in some cases the FCIII concentration, the plasmapheresis and extracorporeal immuno-adsorption may be used. The prednisone alone or associated with cyclophosphamide is the firs-line immunosuppressive treatment. In refractory patients it may be administered as a second-line therapy, the Rituximab (anti-CD20). With the use of Azathioprine, Cyclosporine, Vincristine and the Mycophenolate mofetil variable results have been achieved.
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| Authors | ;Delfina Almagro Vázquez |
| Journal | zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = zhonghua xueyexue zazhi |
| Year | 2010 |
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