the influence of the ocean circulation state on ocean carbon storage and co2 drawdown potential in an earth system model
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ID: 134139
2018
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Abstract
During the four most recent glacial cycles, atmospheric CO2 during
glacial maxima has been lowered by about 90–100 ppm with respect to
interglacials. There is widespread consensus that most of this carbon was
partitioned in the ocean. It is, however, still debated which processes were
dominant in achieving this increased carbon storage. In this paper, we use an
Earth system model of intermediate complexity to explore the sensitivity of
ocean carbon storage to ocean circulation state. We carry out a set of
simulations in which we run the model to pre-industrial equilibrium, but in
which we achieve different states of ocean circulation by changing forcing
parameters such as wind stress, ocean diffusivity and atmospheric heat
diffusivity. As a consequence, the ensemble members also have different ocean
carbon reservoirs, global ocean average temperatures, biological pump
efficiencies and conditions for air–sea CO2 disequilibrium. We analyse
changes in total ocean carbon storage and separate it into contributions by
the solubility pump, the biological pump and the CO2 disequilibrium
component. We also relate these contributions to differences in the strength
of the ocean overturning circulation. Depending on which ocean forcing
parameter is tuned, the origin of the change in carbon storage is different.
When wind stress or ocean diapycnal diffusivity is changed, the response of
the biological pump gives the most important effect on ocean carbon storage,
whereas when atmospheric heat diffusivity or ocean isopycnal diffusivity is
changed, the solubility pump and the disequilibrium component are also
important and sometimes dominant. Despite this complexity, we obtain a
negative linear relationship between total ocean carbon and the combined
strength of the northern and southern overturning cells. This relationship is
robust to different reservoirs dominating the response to different forcing
mechanisms. Finally, we conduct a drawdown experiment in which we investigate
the capacity for increased carbon storage by artificially maximising the
efficiency of the biological pump in our ensemble members. We conclude that
different initial states for an ocean model result in different capacities
for ocean carbon storage due to differences in the ocean circulation state
and the origin of the carbon in the initial ocean carbon reservoir. This
could explain why it is difficult to achieve comparable responses of the
ocean carbon pumps in model inter-comparison studies in which the initial
states vary between models. We show that this effect of the initial state is
quantifiable. The drawdown experiment highlights the importance of the
strength of the biological pump in the control state for model studies of
increased biological efficiency.
| Reference Key |
dalen2018biogeosciencesthe
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;M. Ödalen;J. Nycander;K. I. C. Oliver;L. Brodeau;L. Brodeau;A. Ridgwell;A. Ridgwell |
| Journal | tetrahedron letters |
| Year | 2018 |
| DOI |
10.5194/bg-15-1367-2018
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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