in vitro sensivity of fig plantlets to gamma rays sensitividade in vitro de brotações de figueira à radiação gama

Clicks: 299
ID: 133931
2009
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Abstract
Fig breeding programs through conventional methods are rare in many countries, e.g. Brazil, since the wasp Blastophaga psenes, which is responsible for the natural pollination, is not present. For these cases a low cost alternative for the breeding program is the induction of physical mutagenesis by radiation. The sensivity of fig explant buds of different sizes to gamma radiation were evaluated. Fig plantlets "Roxo de Valinhos" already established in vitro were classified by size in 2.5 to 4.5 cm, 5 to 9 7 cm and 8 to 10 cm long, and irradiated with: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy doses. After irradiation each plantlet was cut in pieces containing one-bud and transferred to WPM culture medium, according to the bud position: medium and apical. Explants were grown in a growth room for 90 days when, explant mortality, root formation, height of aerial part, number of buds and plantlet weight were evaluated. Doses of up to 50 Gy do not cause plantlet death and that doses larger than 30 Gy inhibit root formation. Therefore, the 30 Gy dose may be recommended for the irradiation of fig plantlets larger than 2.5 cm.
Os programas de melhoramento de figueira por métodos convencionais são raros em muitos países, como o Brasil, por exemplo, por não ser encontrada a mosca Blastophaga psenes responsável pela polinização natural. Para estes casos, uma alternativa de baixo custo para os programas de melhoramento é a irradiação, por meio de mutagênicos físicos. Avaliou-se o efeito de doses de radiação gama em gemas de explantes de figueira de diferentes tamanhos. Foram usadas plântulas previamente estabelecidas in vitro, que foram separadas nos tamanhos: 2,5 a 4,5 cm; 5 a 7 cm e 8 a 10 cm e irradiadas nas doses 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 Gy. Após a irradiação, as plântulas foram repicadas em explantes contendo uma gema e, na inoculação no meio nutritivo WPM, foram separadas em função da posição de gemas: basal, mediana e apical. Após 90 dias em sala de crescimento, foram avaliadas as seguintes características: mortalidade de explantes, formação de raízes, comprimento da parte aérea, número de gemas e peso das plântulas. Doses de até 50 Gy não provocam morte de plântulas e que doses acima de 30 Gy impedem a formação de raízes sendo esta recomendada como a dose para irradiação de plântulas de figueira maiores que 2,5 cm.
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Authors ;Ester Alice Ferreira;Moacir Pasqual;Augusto Tulmann Neto
Journal journal of the iranian chemical society
Year 2009
DOI
10.1590/S0103-90162009000400017
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162009000400017
Keywords
mutation breeding

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