efeito de fatores ambientais sobre a seletividade do alachlor ao algodoeiro effect of environmental factors on the selectivity of alachlor to cotton

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ID: 133844
2007
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Abstract
Cotonicultores do cerrado, receosos da ocorrência de fitotoxicidade, têm utilizado o herbicida alachlor em dosagens inferiores à mínima recomendada na bula, com baixo efeito residual. Com o objetivo de estudar fatores relacionados à seletividade do alachlor ao algodoeiro, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, em caixas de germinação com substrato areia, foi estudado o herbicida alachlor em dois níveis (sem alachlor e na dose de 96 µg kg-1 de substrato), em ambientes compostos pela combinação das temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35 ºC com três níveis de umidade no substrato (40, 60 e 80% da capacidade de retenção de água). A avaliação foi realizada aos 10 dias. As condições do ambiente influenciaram o crescimento das plântulas, mas essa resposta foi reduzida ou anulada na presença do alachlor; quanto mais favoráveis as condições, proporcionalmente maiores foram as reduções. O herbicida reduziu características da parte aérea e, em maior intensidade, o comprimento das raízes. No segundo ensaio, em vasos com solo, foram estudados três tratamentos de irrigação (23, 34 e 45 mm) após aplicação de dois níveis de alachlor (0 e 2,88 kg ha-1). A avaliação foi realizada aos 21 dias. Maiores níveis de irrigação causaram redução na matéria fresca e seca das raízes. O alachlor reduziu todas as variáveis medidas na parte aérea das plantas, mas, de modo geral, esse efeito foi de baixa intensidade e ocorreu de maneira semelhante nos níveis de irrigação. A independência dos efeitos entre alachlor e irrigação não corroboraram a premissa de que maiores níveis de água aumentariam a lixiviação do herbicida e a fitotoxicidade ao algodoeiro.
Brazilian savanna cotton growers in fear of phytotoxicity have been using the herbicide alachlor below the minimum dosage recommended by the manufacturer, with low residual activity. Two experiments were carried out to study factors related to alachlor selectivity to cotton. The first assay used germination boxes with sand substrate to study two alachlor rates (0 and 96 µg kg-1) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35 ºC, combined with three levels of substrate moisture (40%, 60%, and 80% of water holding capacity) and evaluated after 10 days. Seedling growth was affected by environmental conditions, but this response was reduced or cancelled when alachlor was present, with better conditions causing proportionally greater growth reductions. The herbicide caused reductions in aerial part traits and, to a greater extent, in root length. The second assay consisted of pots filled with soil substrate and three irrigation treatments (23, 34, and 45 mm) studied after application of two alachlor levels (0 and 2.88 kg ha-1), and evaluated after 21 days. Higher irrigation levels caused reductions in fresh and dry matter of the roots. Alachlor reduced all variables measured in the aerial part of the cotton plants, but this effect, in general, had low intensity and was similar for all the irrigation levels. The independent effect between alachlor and irrigation does not support the assumption that higher water levels would increase herbicide leaching and its phytotoxicity to cotton.
Reference Key
guimares2007plantaefeito Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors S.C. Guimarães, M.F. Hrycyk, E.a.f. Mendonça
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Journal anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
Year 2007
DOI
10.1590/S0100-83582007000400018
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582007000400018
Keywords
cotton phytotoxicity

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