Aminoglycoside-Induced Cochleotoxicity: A Review

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2017
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Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used as prophylaxis, or urgent treatment, for many life-threatening bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, sepsis, respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis, complex urinary tract infections, and endocarditis. Although aminoglycosides are clinically-essential antibiotics, the mechanisms underlying their selective toxicity to the kidney and inner ear continue to be unraveled despite more than 70 years of investigation. The following mechanisms each contribute to aminoglycoside-induced toxicity after systemic administration: 1) drug trafficking across endothelial and epithelial barrier layers; 2) sensory cell uptake of these drugs, and 3) disruption of intracellular physiological pathways. Specific factors can increase the risk of drug-induced toxicity, including sustained exposure to higher levels of ambient sound, and selected therapeutic agents such as loop diuretics and glycopeptides. Serious bacterial infections (requiring life-saving aminoglycoside treatment) induce systemic inflammatory responses that also potentiate the degree of ototoxicity and permanent hearing loss. We discuss prospective clinical strategies to protect auditory and vestibular function from aminoglycoside ototoxicity, including reduced cochlear or sensory cell uptake of aminoglycosides, and otoprotection by ameliorating intracellular cytotoxicity.
Reference Key
meiyan2017frontiersaminoglycoside-induced Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Jiang, Meiyan;Karasawa, Takatoshi;Steyger, Peter S.;
Journal frontiers in cellular neuroscience
Year 2017
DOI
doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00308
URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00308
Keywords
aminoglycosides inflammation cytotoxicity gentamicin ototoxicity nephrotoxicity drug trafficking synergism otoprotection cochleotoxicity systemic administration National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI NLM MEDLINE review pubmed abstract nih national institutes of health national library of medicine pmid:29062271 pmc5640705 doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00308 meiyan jiang takatoshi karasawa peter s steyger

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