Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Fish: Insights from Prymnesium parvum

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ID: 116375
2018
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Abstract
Blooms of the planktonic alga Prymnesium parvum pose a global threat, causing fish kills worldwide. Early studies on the exposure of fish to P. parvum indicate that toxic effects are related to gill damage. The more strictly defined concept of adverse outcome pathways has been suggested as a replacement for the mode of action in toxicology studies. In this study, rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) were exposed to P. parvum. During exposure, oxygen consumption was determined by respirometry, and ventilation and coughing rate were determined via video surveillance. Per breath oxygen consumption was calculated to assess the ventilation effort to obtain a unit of oxygen. A second experiment monitored fish behavior to assess recovery. The results indicated that oxygen consumption initially increased, but on average fell below the standard oxygen consumption at 70% relative exposure. Being a function of ventilation frequency and oxygen consumption, the per breath oxygen consumption decreased throughout exposure. Behavioral results determined that short-term P. parvum exposure subsequently caused the exposed fish to seek flow refuge immediately and to a greater extent than unexposed fish. The adverse outcome pathway of P. parvum on rainbow trout is that P. parvum acts as a gill irritant resulting in non-recoverable respiratory failure.
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Authors Morten Bo Søndergaard Svendsen;Nikolaj Reducha Andersen;Per Juel Hansen;John Fleng Steffensen;Svendsen, Morten Bo Søndergaard;Andersen, Nikolaj Reducha;Hansen, Per Juel;Steffensen, John Fleng;
Journal fishes
Year 2018
DOI
10.3390/fishes3010011
URL
https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/3/1/11#citedby
Keywords
oxygen consumption adverse outcome pathway harmful algal bloom ventilation prymnesium parvum onchorhyncus mykiss fish acute toxicity syndrome gill damage

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