Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm and Wind-Driven Optimization Technique Modified with Multilayer Perceptron

The prediction aptitude of an artificial neural network (ANN) is improved by incorporating two novel metaheuristic techniques, namely, the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) and wind-driven optimization (WDO), for the purpose of soil shear strength (simply called shear strength) simulation. Soil information of the Trung Luong national expressway project (Vietnam) including depth of the sample (m), percentage of sand, percentage of silt, percentage of clay, percentage of moisture content, wet density (kg/m3), liquid limit (%), plastic limit (%), plastic index (%), liquidity index, and the shear strength (kPa) was collocated through a field survey. After constructing the hybrid ensembles of SFLA–ANN and WDO–ANN, both models were optimized in terms of complexity using a population-based trial-and error-scheme. The learning quality of the ANN was compared with both improved versions to examine the effect of the used metaheuristic techniques. In this phase, the training error dropped by 14.25% and 28.25% by applying the SFLA and WDO, respectively. This reflects a significant improvement in pattern recognition ability of the ANN. The results of the testing data revealed 25.57% and 39.25% decreases in generalization (i.e., testing) error. Moreover, the correlation between the measured and predicted shear strengths (i.e., the coefficient of determination) rose from 0.82 to 0.89 and 0.92, which indicates the efficiency of both SFLA and WDO metaheuristic techniques in optimizing the ANN.