Simulations and Design of a Single-Photon CMOS Imaging Pixel Using Multiple Non-Destructive Signal Sampling

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ID: 110033
2020
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Abstract
A single-photon CMOS image sensor (CIS) design based on pinned photodiode (PPD) with multiple charge transfers and sampling is described. In the proposed pixel architecture, the photogenerated signal is sampled non-destructively multiple times and the results are averaged. Each signal measurement is statistically independent and by averaging, the electronic readout noise is reduced to a level where single photons can be distinguished reliably. A pixel design using this method was simulated in TCAD and several layouts were generated for a 180-nm CMOS image sensor process. Using simulations, the noise performance of the pixel was determined as a function of the number of samples, sense node capacitance, sampling rate and transistor characteristics. The strengths and limitations of the proposed design are discussed in detail, including the trade-off between noise performance and readout rate and the impact of charge transfer inefficiency (CTI). The projected performance of our first prototype device indicates that single-photon imaging is within reach and could enable ground-breaking performances in many scientific and industrial imaging applications.
Reference Key
stefanov2020sensorssimulations Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Konstantin D. Stefanov;Martin J. Prest;Mark Downing;Elizabeth George;Naidu Bezawada;Andrew D. Holland;Stefanov, Konstantin D.;Prest, Martin J.;Downing, Mark;George, Elizabeth;Bezawada, Naidu;Holland, Andrew D.;
Journal sensors
Year 2020
DOI
10.3390/s20072031
URL
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2031
Keywords
cmos image sensors (cis) single-photon imaging pinned photodiode National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI NLM MEDLINE pubmed abstract nih national institutes of health national library of medicine pmid:32260411 pmc7180477 doi:10.3390/s20072031 konstantin d stefanov martin j prest andrew d holland

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