Response of a Coastal Groundwater System to Natural and Anthropogenic Factors: Case Study on East Coast of Laizhou Bay, China

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2020
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Abstract
With a shifting climate pattern and enhancement of human activities, coastal areas are exposed to threats of groundwater environmental issues. This work takes the eastern coast of Laizhou Bay as a research area to study the response of a coastal groundwater system to natural and human impacts with a combination of statistical, hydrogeochemical, and fuzzy classification methods. First, the groundwater level dynamics from 1980 to 2017 were analyzed. The average annual groundwater level dropped 13.16 m with a descent rate of 0.379 m/a. The main external environmental factors that affected the groundwater level were extracted, including natural factors (rainfall and temperature), as well as human activities (irrigated area, water-saving irrigated area, sown area of high-water-consumption crops, etc.). Back-propagation artificial neural network was used to model the response of groundwater level to the above driving factors, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to measure the extent of impact of these factors on groundwater level. The results verified that human factors including irrigated area and water-saving irrigated area were the most important influencing factors on groundwater level dynamics, followed by annual precipitation. Further, groundwater samples were collected over the study area to analyze the groundwater hydrogeochemical signatures. With the hydrochemical diagrams and ion ratios, the formation of groundwater, the sources of groundwater components, and the main hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater evolution were discussed to understand the natural background of groundwater environment. The fuzzy C-means clustering method was adopted to classify the groundwater samples into four clusters based on their hydrochemical characteristics to reveal the spatial variation of groundwater quality in the research area. Each cluster was spatially continuous, and there were great differences in groundwater hydrochemical and pollution characteristics between different clusters. The natural and human factors resulted in this difference were discussed based on the natural background of the groundwater environment, and the types and intensity of human activity.
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sun2020internationalresponse Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Ya Sun;Shiguo Xu;Qin Wang;Suduan Hu;Guoshuai Qin;Huijuan Yu;Sun, Ya;Xu, Shiguo;Wang, Qin;Hu, Suduan;Qin, Guoshuai;Yu, Huijuan;
Journal International journal of environmental research and public health
Year 2020
DOI
10.3390/ijerph17145204
URL
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/14/5204
Keywords
groundwater quality response coastal area groundwater level changing environment National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI NLM MEDLINE China humans pubmed abstract nih national institutes of health national library of medicine research support non-u.s. gov't Water Pollutants environmental monitoring* pmid:32708499 pmc7400379 doi:10.3390/ijerph17145204 ya sun shiguo xu huijuan yu groundwater* chemical* / analysis

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