Mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and their impact on age-related macular degeneration.

Clicks: 453
ID: 104241
2020
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Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is considered to be a key factor in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathology. RPE cells are constantly exposed to oxidative stress that may lead to the accumulation of damaged cellular proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and cellular organelles, including mitochondria. The ubiquitin-proteasome and the lysosomal/autophagy pathways are the two major proteolytic systems to remove damaged proteins and organelles. There is increasing evidence that proteostasis is disturbed in RPE as evidenced by lysosomal lipofuscin and extracellular drusen accumulation in AMD. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NFE2L2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) are master transcription factors in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, clearance systems, and biogenesis of mitochondria. The precise cause of RPE degeneration and the onset and progression of AMD are not fully understood. However, mitochondria dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage are observed together with increased protein aggregation and inflammation in AMD. In contrast, functional mitochondria prevent RPE cells damage and suppress inflammation. Here, we will discuss the role of mitochondria in RPE degeneration and AMD pathology focused on mtDNA damage and repair, autophagy/mitophagy signaling, and regulation of inflammation. Mitochondria are putative therapeutic targets to prevent or treat AMD.
Reference Key
kaarniranta2020mechanismsprogress Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Kaarniranta, Kai;Uusitalo, Hannu;Blasiak, Janusz;Felszeghy, Szabolcs;Kannan, Ram;Kauppinen, Anu;Salminen, Antero;Sinha, Debasish;Ferrington, Deborah;
Journal progress in retinal and eye research
Year 2020
DOI
S1350-9462(20)30030-6
URL
Keywords
Age-related macular degeneration aging autophagy mitochondria clearance retina retinal pigment epithelium aggregation degeneration mitophagy

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