Evidence of five digits in embryonic horses and developmental stabilization of tetrapod digit number.

Clicks: 242
ID: 103917
2020
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Abstract
Previous work comparing the developmental mechanisms involved in digit reduction in horses with other mammals reported that horses have only a 'single digit', with two flanking metapodials identified as remnants of digit II and IV. Here we show that early embryos go through a stage with five digit condensations, and that the flanking splint metapodials result from fusions of the two anterior digits I and II and the two posterior digits IV and V, in a striking parallel between ontogeny and phylogeny. Given that even this most extreme case of digit reduction exhibits primary pentadactyly, we re-examined the initial stages of digit condensation of all digit-reduced tetrapods where data are available and found that in all cases, five or four digits initiate (four with digit I missing). The persistent pentadactyl initiation in the horse and other digit-reduced modern taxa underscores a durable developmental stability at the initiation of digits. The digit evodevo model may help illuminate the biological circumstances under which organ systems become highly stabilized versus highly plastic.
Reference Key
kavanagh2020evidenceproceedings Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Kavanagh, Kathryn D;Bailey, C Scott;Sears, Karen E;
Journal proceedings biological sciences
Year 2020
DOI
10.1098/rspb.2019.2756
URL
Keywords
developmental constraint digit development horse evolution

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