Omega Rhodopsins: A Versatile Class of Microbial Rhodopsins.

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ID: 102701
2020
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Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins are a superfamily of photoactive membrane proteins with covalently bound retinal cofactor. Isomerization of the retinal chromophore upon absorption of a photon triggers conformational changes of the protein to function as ion pumps or sensors. After the discovery of proteorhodopsin in an uncultivated γ-proteobacterium, light-activated proton pumps have been widely detected among marine bacteria and, together with chlorophyll-based photosynthesis, are considered as an important axis responsible for primary production in the biosphere. Rhodopsins and related proteins show a high level of phylogenetic diversity; we focus on a specific class of bacterial rhodopsins containing the '3 omega motif'. This motif forms a stack of three non-consecutive aromatic amino acids that correlates with the B-C loop orientation, and is shared among the phylogenetically close ion pumps such as the NDQ motif-containing sodium-pumping rhodopsin, the NTQ motif-containing chloride-pumping rhodopsin, and some proton-pumping rhodopsins including xanthorhodopsin. Here, we reviewed the recent research progress of these 'omega rhodopsins', and speculated their evolutionary origin of functional diversity.
Reference Key
kwon2020omegajournal Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Kwon, Soon-Kyeong;Jun, Sung-Hoon;Kim, Jihyun F;
Journal Journal of microbiology and biotechnology
Year 2020
DOI
10.4014/jmb.1912.12010
URL
Keywords
3 omega motif actinorhodopsin (actr) chloride pump rhodopsin (clr) microbial rhodopsin sodium pump rhodopsin (nar) xanthorhodopsin (xr)

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