design of a novel voltage controller for conversion of carbon dioxide into clean fuels using the integration of a vanadium redox battery with solar energy

This letter presents a design for a novel voltage controller (NVC) which can exhibit three different reactions using the integration of a vanadium redox battery (VRB) with solar energy, and uses only electrochemical potentials with optimal external bias voltage control to carry out hydrogen production and the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into methane and methanol. This NVC is simply constructed by using dynamic switch and control strategies with a time-variant control system. In this design, the interval voltage bias solutions obtained by the proposed NVC exhibit better voltage ranges and good agreement with the practical scenarios, which will bring significant benefits to operation for continuous reduction of CO2 into value-added clean fuels using the integration of a VRB with solar energy or any other renewable energy resource for future applications.