Digital innovation evaluation: user perceptions of innovation readiness, digital confidence, innovation adoption, user experience and behaviour change.

Abstract

Innovation spread is a key policy objective for health systems world-wide, but adoption success varies enormously. We have developed a set of short generic user-reported measures to help understand how and why healthcare innovations spread. This work builds on the literature and on practical experience in developing and using patient-reported outcome measures.The measures user perceptions of how much they are open to and up-to-date with new ideas, and whether their organisations are receptive to and capable of innovation. It is based on Rogers' classification of innovativeness (innovator, early adopter, early majority, etc).The rates users' digital literacy and confidence to use digital products, with dimensions of familiarity, social pressure, support and digital self-efficacy.The rates the adoption process in terms of coherence and reflective thought before, during and after implementation. It is based on Normalisation Process Theory.The measure assesses a digital product in terms of usefulness, ease of use, support and satisfaction.The measure covers user perceptions of their capability, opportunity and motivation to change behaviour, based on the COM-B model.These measures have been mapped onto Greenhalgh's NASSS Framework (non-adoption, abandonment and challenges to scale-up, spread and sustainability of health and care technologies).These tools measure different aspects of digital health innovations and may help predict the success of innovation dissemination, diffusion and spread programmes.