removal of profenofos in agricultural soil and plant growth promoting activity on by efficient bacterial formulation.

This study evaluated the plant growth and profenofos (PF) removal efficiency of sp.33F and sp. 51 F bacteria as individual strains and in combination F1. Plant growth-promoting activities such as indole 3 acetic acid (IAA) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production were observed in sp. 33 F and sp. 51 F. However, PGP properties observed were higher in sp. 33 F as compared to the sp. 51 F. In pot sand and pot soil studies, the physiological parameters such as sprout length, shoot length, root length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were higher for combination F1. PF degradation in pot sand and pot soil resulted in highest degradation by combination F1. In pot soil study, soil enzyme activities such as cellulase, dehydrogenase, urease, protease, and phosphate activities and root cross-section area, total stele area and xylem vessel area were recorded higher for the formulation F1. The study demonstrated that the together sp. 33 F and sp. 51 F as formulation has higher plant growth-promoting activities as compared to the individual bacteria.