Three Methods to Assess Levels of Farmers’ Exposure to Pesticides in the Urban and Peri-urban Areas of Northern Benin
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ID: 64378
2017
Small farmers in urban and peri-urban areas of Northern Benin use pesticides without respect of
hygiene rules and any personal protective equipment (PPE). Based on observation of the local practices
in Djougou, Gogounou and Parakou,field trials have been carried out under similar conditions to
evaluate contamination and exposure levels of farmers, using three usual sampling methods (Visual
Method, Patch Method and Whole Body Method). Both Visual and Patch Methods used dye and ghost
ink as tracers. In the Whole Body trials, deltamethrin (PLAN D 25 EC) was used as insecticide
treatment. Deposits were observed on the protective equipment and on the collectors. Tartrazine was
determined by colorimetry and deltamethrin by gas chromatography with ECD detector (GC-ECD).
The examination of protective equipment (Visual Method) showed that the whole body could be
potentially exposed to pesticides. Hands were contaminated during the preparation and the loading of
mixture up to sprayer rinsing. The Patch Method was not perfectly able to predict the contamination
pattern on the farmers’ body. The Whole Body Method results appeared to be more variable and
influenced by the skill of each operator compared to the Patch Method. The contamination levels
observed were rather higher than the value estimated with a theoretical model (from 368 to 2867 mg of
deltamethrin at the total/body). With PPE, the average exposure reached 3.25 mg/kg bw/day. Without
PPE, the potential exposure was equal to 32.52 mg/kg bw/day. Both values far exceed the AOEL of
deltamethrin (0.0075 mg/kg bw/day) indicating a high risk level for the operator. The theoretical used
model (UK-POEM) was unable to predict the potential exposure outcomes measured in these trials.
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| Authors | Lawson, Armel Joël;Akohou, Hermine;Lorge, Stéphanie;Schiffers, Bruno; |
| Journal | tunisian journal of plant protection |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI | DOI not found |
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