Water-soluble Glucosamine-coated AIE-Active Organic Nanoparticles: Design, Synthesis and Assembly for Specific Detection of Heparin Based on Carbohydrate-carbohydrate Interactions.

Abstract

Two water-soluble carbohydrate-coated AIE-activate fluorescent organic nanoparticles TPE3G and TPE4G were designed and synthesized for the detection of heparin. Different from the reported strategy, we not only utilized the general detection mechanism electrostatic interactions, but also introduced the concept of carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions (CCIs) to enrich the detection mechanism of heparin. TPE3G can be served as an efficient "turn-on" probe with higher selectivity towards heparin than TPE4G. TEM studies revealed that the micro-aggregated TPE3G was encapsulated with heparin chain to form a complex self-assemblied composites and emit strong fluorescence. It is believed that the results illustrated in this study provide a novel strategy based on CCls to design water-soluble and more efficient bio-probes for various biological and clinical applications.