Upgrading the phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of garden cress seeds using solid state fermentation by Trichoderma reesei.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of solid state fermentation (SSF) by Trichoderma reesei on the phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of garden cress seeds (GCS).The factorial statistical design was employed to optimize the SSF conditions, incubation time, pH, temperature and moisture, for maximum production of the phenolic content and microbial carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes from GCS. The total phenolic content significantly increased from unfermented GCS (401 mg GAE 100 g ) to fermented GCS (3600 mg GAE 100 g ) by 9-fold. The total antioxidant activity significantly increased in fermented GCS. Fifteen phenolic compounds were detected in fermented GCS with high concentrations compared to fourteen in unfermented GCS using HPLC. A strong correlation between the production of the carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes and the phenolic content of fermented GCS was observed. The phenolic compounds of fermented GCS showed higher antimicrobial activity.The fermented GCS is a powerful source of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant potentials, which can be used as dietary supplement and antimicrobial agent.SSF is a promising technique used for production of added-value bioactive compounds. SSF increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of GCS several folds compared to germination process, which recently studied. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.