Prevalence of salt rich fast food consumption: A focus on physical activity and incidence of hypertension among female students of Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Young generations of Saudi Arabia have adapted a culture of eating fast food items, which are rich in salt. Excess salt intake is a threat to cardiovascular functioning and risk for various cardiovascular diseases. The study, therefore, determines the prevalence and consumption of fast food, the level of physical activity, and the occurrence of hypertension among female students. A cross-sectional study design has been employed to include female students from the College of Arts and Science and Applied Medical Science Wadi Addawasir from January to April 2018. Chi-square/Fisher Exact test has been used for determining the occurrence of categorical variables. The questionnaire was intended to determine fast food habits prevalent among students. 97% of the students consumed fast food daily, 34% of the students were classified as prehypertensive, and 16.4% of the students were classified as hypertensive. Diastolic blood pressure was more compared to systolic blood pressure. Moreover, it was reported that 87% of the students knew the health effects of fast food. 58% of the students were not involved in physical activity and 49% of the students consumed soft drinks along with fast food. 70% of the students used table salt and 57% of the students felt thirsty after fast-food consumption. 55% of the students showed a positive response to the family history of hypertension. The findings have also shown a positive relationship between daily soft drink consumption and the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension among students. Increased consumption of salt-rich fast food, physical inactivity, genetic background of hypertension, prehypertensive and hypertensive conditions observed in the present study may expose to various cardiovascular diseases among the adult population in the future.