krisis kepemimpinan kiai: studi atas kharisma kiai dalam masyarakat

In the hierarchy of a traditional society, Kiai is considered to belong to both social and religious elite. He therefore holds an important role in his society. However, with the expansion of modernity that gives birth to a progressive and dynamic change in our society, Kiai is not regarded any more as the sole agent of social change. His function is becoming less and limited vis-à-vis modernity. The nature of his leadership is no longer religious, paternalistic and charismatic. Hence, Kiai should adapt himself to modernity and change the style of his leadership to become more persuasive, participative, and rational if he is to survive.